Economic History Essay Topics - a Short Overview

Economic History Essay Topics - a Short Overview The Most Popular Economic History Essay Topics When reading through such materials, it's important to take note of the major points which you would utilize to support your argument. There are lots of assortments of topics based on the subject you would decide to compose a paper. In any case, it ought to attract your readers' attention, and thus it ought to be brief and right to the point. It's thus important to remind the readers of your central argument and after that supply an overview of the primary points. One of the very first things you must understand in earning your topic choice is that there's a difference between history and current affairs. When you come back to the question, it can be that the problems have resolved themselves. Put simply, you've got to believe very carefully about the question you are requested to reply. So think as difficult as you can in regards to the significance of the question, about the issues it raises and the ways that you can answer it. The Importance of Economic History Essay Topics The Federal Reserve played a huge part in the Great Depression. There were political and financial alterations. Paper Masters can compile a project that you could be pleased with. It is advised to divide this kind of paper into sections. To begin with, the paper is passed through Copyscape application to ensure it isn't plagiarized. Or it might focus on medical discoveries, such as the polio vaccine or penicillin. Even a fast glance through our list of the most fascinating history topics will allow you to get a good starting point and keep on to your own ideas that you currently have in mind! Alternately, a fast look at the topics listed below may provide you the inspiration you will need to think of your own title. At the base of this page, you'll discover some amazing examples of American history argumentative essay topics for you to pick from, and every one of them will be interesting and fascinating to find out more about. The subjects listed on this page are somewhat universal and might not do the job so great if you wish to produce a flawless history essay. History papers can have a while to write. Perhaps you still must understand more about the way to compose a history paper. A custom written paper is one which is written exactly to your requirements. Thus, writing a history paper will definitely be fun, if you simply pick a really intriguing history essay topic. Do not increase your odds of being discontinued from your studies as a result of trusting people who can't even assist with choosing history essay topics for high school students. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Some academics indicate that you need to be studying a minimum of 30 pages of research material for each and every page of your research paper. Because the protracted essay contains far more words than a normal essay, the selection of topic has to be such a good argument can be developed and resolved. The selection of topic is all-important in regards to writing a protracted essay and certainly in the topic of history. Afterwards, the greatest action to do is to narrow the subject down according to the guidelines offered by your professor. Whether your papers are about Canadian history essay topics or another topic, you're still guaranteed of top quality. The topic ought to be quite controversial once you are writing an argumentative write up. It is the most important thing for an essay. To get started writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. First off, it's necessary for you to understand the key source that's going to work for your history topic and after that, it's necessary for you to conduct the key investigating to find dependable answers to the questions which you are searching for. In the event you can't find your subject here, don't hesitate to have a talk with our staff and put an order for a customized history essay on your distinct subject. If you wish to choose nice and interesting American history essay topics, you have to be mindful they ought to be specific and fairly narrow so that you're able to reflect on a particular problem or issue. Talking over your preferred topic with your supervisor should hopefully avoid choosing a poor topic.

What Is DNA Replicated From DNA - 800 Words

In cells, DNA is replicated from chromosomes with two points of regulation: a six protein complex forms at an origin and is activated by proteins that can modify others (Gambus et al, 2006; Labib, 2010; Zegerman and Diffley, 2006). This draws more proteins towards the origin for initiation to occur. Origins are specific DNA sequences where the two DNA strands are unwound for replication, creating fork-like structures (Labib, 2010). Origin unwinding occurs by the six protein complex mentioned with other initiator proteins and a four protein complex called GINS (Gambus et al, 2006). Another six protein complex called the Origin Recognition Complex orders these components at the origin (Takeda et al, 2005). DNA replication is then carried†¦show more content†¦The ability to create an artificial origin allows for more research into the start of replication including the protein involved (Takeda et al, 2005). DNA Replication Initiation One paper used bypassing proteins in the replicative process of yeast to find that modification of proteins Sld2 and Sld3 by a modifier protein is only required for replication activation (Zegerman and Diffley, 2006). Sld3 modification allows it to bind one end of a bridge-like protein Dpb11 while Sld2 binds the other. The Sld modifying protein modifies up to two hundred different proteins and is activated by other modifying proteins used earlier in the replication process and its levels are kept low in these earlier stages as to avoid replicating DNA too early (Labib, 2010; Zegerman and Diffley, 2006). This paper could have suggested a role for the Sld2/3-Dpb11 interaction but does provide greater insight into various modifying proteins’ functions in replication (Zegerman and Diffley, 2006). Gambus et al showed that in yeast GINS interacts with the initial six protein complex mentioned and many regulatory proteins, through multiple methods such as r elated to their mass, and investigated the interaction strengths by incremental inhibition of their bonding (Gambus et al, 2006). GINS positions these extra proteins around the six protein complex and allows their interaction for DNA unwinding and replication. Understanding GINSShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Question of Biology is Why?1518 Words   |  7 Pagesother things. As humans, we are comparative by nature—always wondering what is the best between multiple things (if it even is) and why. That is why we do it, ultimately. We feel that we must answer the question â€Å"Why?† In this biographical paper, I will be analyzing two very different processes: DNA Replication and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). It is that each of these individual processes carries much importance. 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Continuities and changes of religion in Sub-saharan Africa free essay sample

Sub-saharan Africa has undergone changes with religion such as the changing of religious affiliation to Christianity and the practices of cosmology and ontology, however, Sub-saharan Africa has also remained constant with their thoughts being focused on various beliefs like a creator and evil. Christianity was predominantly the main religion in Sub-saharan Africa opposed to the Muslims of North Africa. Christianity in the Americas slowly began to send out missionaries to spread the Gospel and build churches in Africa. The people began to form their daily lives and rituals accordingly and the population of Christians rose from about 9% to around 63% over the years from the 1900s to modern day. Missions in Africa is most definitely something that Christians in other part of the world have focused on. It seems to be a more targeted area for its other religious practices such as cosmology and ontology. Cosmology and Ontology are more philosophical beliefs in nature, evolution, and the way the world works. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuities and changes of religion in Sub-saharan Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Africa, many small tribes are closed off from communication outside of their tribe, and have practiced certain beliefs for hundreds of years. This belief system tends to lean towards the more relaxed religion and allows freedom for the people in those tribes to do what they want as long as it is parallel to what is right in nature. Everything in this philosophical study is that of nature. Nature is considered holy and worthy of worship. Cosmology and Ontology are how Sub-Saharan Africans attempted to explain our complex world in the simplest way possible that makes sense to them. There were also other beliefs that Sub-saharan Africans developed over time such as the belief in evil beings and eternal paradise. Sub-saharan Africans soon realized that there needed to be some kind of an explanation for what happens when you die, or what evil is. These details did not necessarily help form a new religion, but rather simply added on top of the religions already in place in the Sub-saharan region. In the Niger-congo area, there was a common belief in spirits, a creator of the universe rather than evolution. In other areas, there was the belief in the worship and idolization of ones personal gods whom they gave thanks to and credited much of their life to. These tribes lived their lives to please their gods in order to win favor and win a long and prosperous life. This is also something that was seen in Ancient Greece where Greek Mythology and the worship of gods took place. These people too, lived to please the gods to live a good life. In conclusion, Sub-saharan African has undergone changes in religion such as Christianity and Cosmology, but there was also factors that remained constant throughout the existence of Sub-saharan Africa such as little tribes who believe in pleasing personal gods.

Reaction paper for rizal movie free essay sample

One of the most important challenges facing industrial nations is how to deal with the effects of demographic change and an ever increasing older population. Birth rates are sinking permanently and the parallel steady increase in life-expectancy are leading toward a society with a rising proportion of older people and an ever decreasing proportion of younger people. According to an international comparative study by the German Institute for Old-Age Planning (DIA, 2005), the aging of society, at least for Japan, US and European countries, presents a similar problem in these nations, but with differing rates of progression. While these developments take a very moderate form in the US, they are leading to a massive increase in the section of population over 60 years of age in that country. Currently, people over 60 make up 17% of the population in the US, 27% in Japan, and 25% in Germany (United Nations, 2005). The number of elderly in these three countries is also increasing. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction paper for rizal movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These demographic trends actually stimulate adult education in two ways: the first, is the potential for innovation in reception and support for the increasing number of older workers; and the second, is that educational training programs can and have to contribute to staying healthy and independent up until very old age in order to prevent the over-burdening of the system. Exactly how this can be realized with the help of educational programming will be discussed in further detail. In order to achieve this, it is important to keep in mind the needs older people have as learners, go along with their educational interests and behaviour. When we talk about older adults here, we focus on the older workers on the one side and on people in their post-occupational phase of life on the other side. In this view older adults could be people in the second half of their working life (statistical often defined as the workers older than 45 years; Tikkanen Nyhan 2006, p. 10) up to the highly aged people more than 80 years old. It is self-evident that this broad working definition of older adults leads to a wide range of topics and perspectives focussing on the working and learning conditions of older workers as much as on gerontological aspects of learning in old age. Older workers The picture of older workers in a company is fed only partially by science. The dominating image is a conglomerate of everyday observations, prejudices and out-dated stereotypes, which are mainly marked by the comparison of age with loss of performance ability (Koopman-Boyden Macdonald, 2003, p. 34). Nevertheless, older employees are more positively rated by managers, personnel developers and younger colleagues than is often expected, due to frequent discrimination of older adults in the workforce and in the context of a company’s continuing professional development (Wrenn Maurer, 2004, pp.224). The decline of physical performance ability and the decreasing reaction speed of older employees can also be examined empirically (Laville Volkoff, 1998). However, these abilities have lost their meaning in the modern era and have become irrelevant for most workplaces (Dworschak et al. 2006; Lahn, 2003; Czaja 2001). In this context there is a call for an appropriate design of work environments and subsequent programs for human resource development that include age-specific strengths and restrictions in its long-term planning (Hubner, Kuhl Putzing, 2003). The organization of work environments and their adaptation toward the needs of employees can be understood as an investment in employee health, which in return is positive for the company (Hansen Nielsen 2006; Becker 1975). The quantity of sick-days taken by older employees is strongly influenced by working conditions, and health problems of older employees generally do not occur more often than usual, but only in conjunction with unfavorable conditions and when there are no opportunities for further learning and training (Feinstein et al.2003). While younger employees see new jobs as a hance to improve their career and income possibilities, older employees usually change jobs due to negative work experiences (CROW, 2004). Alferoff (1999) points out that the older workers do indeed try to maintain occupational flexibility, even though they often find themselves excluded from opportunities for ongoing professional development. Educational programs for older adults have the function to maintain the human capital of older workers and to make it beneficial for the job market (Dore Clar, 1997), and on an individual side such programs are preventative, such as in the maintaining of cognitive abilities along with physical and psychological health (Frederickson 2006; Bynner Hammond, 2004). In addition, opportunities for older adults on the job market are noticeably increasing through participation in continuing education, a fact which is more obvious with women than with men (Karmel Woods, 2004). The openness for lifelong learning, especially in the workplace, depends on the meaning an occupation has for an individual, as well as attitudes toward work and learning. According to current studies, there is a leaning toward a more instrumental and short-term approach to work-related education and training overall and therefore to continuing vocational training of older employees (Pillay et al. 2003). Reasons for this can be found in the change in meaning for work and learning since the first vocational training experience; a change that does not always take place with every older person. Educational programs for older people The network would focus on ageing not as an inhibiting or deterministic one-way development but as an individual process which goes together with developmental gains and losses in every stage of life. Ageing is seen as an inter- and intraindividual different process which is highly influenced by living conditions and biographical experiences. In this context lifelong learning has an important impact on ageing and can support active ageing (Tikkanen 2006; Salling Olesen 2006). The aging process can be seen in an interpersonal or in an intrapersonal view. The development of an individual in all aspects of personality is fundamentally influenced by aspects of culture, society and the personal social situation. These factors also have indirect effects on learning requirements (Manninen 2006). The increasing flexibility and individualization of life-paths, especially concerning employment, makes traditional separation obsolete in a training or educational phase, a career phase, and a post-career phase. Gaps in the career phase or an interrupted educational phase, such as various career and volunteer activities even after reaching retirement age, are more the rule today than the exception (Stein Rocco, 2001), causing loss of validity (Hamburger, 2003) in the traditional model of a three-section resume (Kohli, 1985). In this way, differentiation between old and young is problematic, according to career status or job seniority. Yet both biological age and life-span sectioned into early, middle and late adulthood are significant standards of comparison for scientific research. However, the division is seen more often as a heuristic construct than as a natural phenomenon. It is not only the understanding of when someone is labeled as old that has undergone severe change in science during the last century, but also the image of aging itself. Until the middle of the 20th century, psychological research on ageing was dominated by the so-called deficit model, which described the aging process primarily through the decrease in cognitive capacity and intellectual ability (Wechsler, 1939). Critique of this model first began to appear in the 1970’s with the inclusion of subjective experience, giving more attention to the individual perception of ageing (Thomae, 1970). Toward the end of the 80’s the emphasis had shifted to consideration of the importance of demands placed on older adults and the resources available to them, and the theory of successful ageing examined ways of achieving health, contentment, and independence until the very senior years (Baltes Baltes, 1989). This picture of ageing was partially encouraged on the one hand by longitudinal studies in cognitive psychology, which could not provide evidence of a general decrease in cognitive ability in old age (Schaie, 2005). On the other hand, cultural background (Merriam, 2000), life situation, social participation (Lovden, Ghisletta Lindenberger 2005), the learning potential of daily-life, and especially the level of education appeared to be better predictors of cognitive performance than biological age (Lehr, 1994). Many studies show that competence and performance ability in cognitive achievement can be maintained, in which education plays a vital role (Tippelt, 1992). Current research on intelligence shows that older adults are not only able to maintain their knowledge, but also increase it, meaning the ability to learn is maintained even when changes occur in the process of learning with old age. Fluid intelligence has a tendency to decrease with age, although this can be prevented through regular training (Baltes, 1993; Saczynski, Willis Schaie, 2002). Yet there are still older cohorts who keep up with younger in terms of crystallised intelligence in the area of cognitive performance by compensating for deficits in the speed of processing information (Rupprecht, 2000). Consequently, learning is a life-long process that is also possible in old age (Roberson Merriam, 2005). The central importance of prior knowledge of older adults for their continued learning is also recognized by the field of adult education (Wenke, 1996), which takes advantage of these knowledge resources through special didactical concepts, especially in the context of teaching and learning. It is important to mention both the approaches from general and post-career adult education that rely on biographical activities with older adults (Kade, 1999; Schaffter, 1999), and the didactical concepts for the usage and transfer of knowledge with older employees in continuing vocational training (Lahn, 2003; Schauble, 1999). The central didactical demand on educational programs for older adults is, besides connecting to the learner’s previous knowledge, the imbedding of learning processes within a social group. Joint learning and social contact with other learners is very important, especially for older learners (Tietgens, 1992). There are conflicting statements about the composition of these learning groups regarding heterogeneity. Yet considering the design of educational programs on the one hand, didactical concepts especially for older learners are propagated (Williamson, 1997), and on the other hand programs for learning groups with members of different generations are demanded (Schmidt Tippelt, 2009; Nyhan 2006), the ability and the necessity of learning in old age is currently undisputed (Franz, 2007). Furthermore, the decision as to how much educational programs should be conceived specifically for older adults, and how much one should try to integrate older learners into existing non-age specific programs needs to relate to the content, goals, and context of the educational intervention. â€Å"Old people† do not form a homogeneous group (Laville Volkoff, 1998; Schmidt 2007b). Other factors, such as level of school education and educational experiences, also have a crucial influence on the interest and behaviour in continuing education. The position of the older employee within the company and his/her respect are also factors of importance

Will SAT Prep Help Me in Other Subjects

Will SAT Prep Help Me in Other Subjects SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A lot of students wonder: does SAT prep help with anything else in life? In this article, a real SAT instructor gives her view on the topic. Most people look at education like a textbook: you read information, you absorb it, you move it around and you solve problems with it. But the best, most dynamic education is interdisciplinaryit combines multiple subjects that overlap or intersect, because that’s how the real world is. You can’t do science without math, and you can’t write a history paper without English. Along those same lines, you can’t get better at taking the SAT without learning something about the skills it tests and why it tests them. And yes, that can help you in the rest of your schoolworkif you prep the right way. The SAT loves to test alternate meanings of wordsthe less-common second meaning of the adjective â€Å"fair,† for example, which means pleasant (weather, for example, can be fair). SAT prep is a great way to learn these second meaningsnot just for the test, but so you’ll know what people mean when they say â€Å"fair-weather friend.† For example, let’s say you are prepping with the following Reading Comprehension question: The widow, searching for a craft store, passed dozens of storefronts as she walked. She had a very complicated and specific project in mind for her daughter, but she knew she wouldn’t be able to realize it without a special accessory for her sewing machine. In the passage above, â€Å"realize† most nearly means {A} understand {B} discover {C} accomplish {D} determine {E} earn If this question were on the SAT, you’d have very little chance of learning from itthe stress is too great. But in prep, you have a moment to think about it. Does the widow need to â€Å"understand† her project? No, that doesn’t make any sense, she thought of it. For her to â€Å"discover† the project makes even less sense. Does she need to â€Å"accomplish† the project? Yesdon’t eliminate {C}. To â€Å"determine† a project doesn’t make sense, nor does â€Å"earn.† So if you didn’t know that realize can mean accomplishliterally, to make realyour SAT prep has just given you a little boost in your understanding of the English language. Here at PrepScholar, we’ve constantly workingyes, right this minuteto improve the real-life applicability of our materials, both for the student’s benefit and for the advantage it gives the learning process itself. When ideas are more connected to other ideas, we remember them more readily. Thus, SAT prep that’s connected to the real world and other subjects is both more effective and more fun. Stay tuned to PrepScholar’s ongoing pedagogy innovations by subscribing to the blog! And if you found this interesting or helpful, sign up to the right to stay updated on the topics we think SAT preppers and their parents might find useful. Next Up: What the New SAT Means for You Or, get our FREE Ebook below: Get Your Free Resource Here Get a Free Guide Here

Exactly How Long Should You Study for the ACT A 6-Step Guide

Exactly How Long Should You Study for the ACT A 6-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In planning your ACT prep, you probably want to know how long you need to study. Is it weeks or months? Is it dozens of hours or hundreds? The answer to these questions depends on a variety of factors, including your target score and how comfortable you already are with the test material. There’s no reason to torture yourself with endless studying if your scores are already in the right range for your top choice schools. On the other hand, if you're still pretty far away from the scores you want, you may have to work harder than you think. In this guide, I'll show you how to figure out how much you need to improve, how many hours you need to spend to get there, and how you should build a study schedule before your next real ACT. Step 1: Find Your ACT Target Score Your ACT target score is the score you're aiming for that'll be high enough to get you into your top schools.You can download this free guide to calculate your target ACT score. You can alsocheck out this articlefor a quick look at how to find an appropriate target score for your goals. The easiest way to determine a target score is to Google your top choice school and â€Å"ACT scores.†You should be able to find a 25th percentile score and a 75th percentile score for the school. The range between the two represents the scores of the middle 50 percent of admitted students. Aim for the 75th percentile score (a higher score than 75 percent of the school’s admitted students) as your target to make sure you have the best chances of acceptance! Step 2: Take a Practice ACT to Determine Your Starting Point Here's a link to five free printable ACT practice tests, complete with answer keys so you can grade them yourself.Take one of these practice tests so you can see where you are relative to your target score. When I say to take a practice test, I don't mean answer questions for a section casually throughout the day while watching YouTube videos in the background. Really force yourself to live the experience of the ACT as it is in the actual test environment. Set aside a weekend morning and go through each section with the same constraints you would have on the real test. Why should you subject yourself to such torment? Because it's the only way to get a good estimate of where you stand in relation to your target score. Time pressure is a huge factor on the ACT, and it can impact your score significantly. Furthermore, going through all the sections in a row forces you to account for any fatigue you might experience on the later sections of the test. If you already know your starting point scores from a previous test or practice test, great! As soon as you settle on your test date, you'll be ready to cook up a study plan. A bitter Salvador Dali painted this to try and convince himself that time was a meaningless construct after he ran out of it on the ACT. Step 3: Decide When You'll Take the Real ACT We recommend taking the ACT for the first time during your junior fall in our Complete Study Plan.That way you'll be able to retake the test in the spring if necessary, and you'll be free to devote your senior year to college apps and devising elaborate senior pranks. If you're already coming up on senior fall and have to take the ACT in September or October no matter what, that’s OK too.Either way, you can find a study plan that works for you. Step 4: Figure Out How Many Hours You Need to Study Here is a rough guide to how many hours of study time you should put in for a given point improvement: Composite ACT Points You Want to Improve Hours of Study Needed 0-1 points 10 hours 1-2 points 20 hours 2-4 points 40 hours 4-6 points 80 hours 6-9 points 150+ hours Keep in mind that this is just a rough estimate of the hours you will need to put in to improve your score.If you want to improve 0-1 points, you'll probably be able to accomplish your goal with light review, a single practice test, and a retake of the official test. As you can see, the time you need to devote to studying if you're hoping for improvements of more than a few points is pretty significant.If you want to improve by more than 4 points or so, you'll have to do some in-depth content work to address gaps in your knowledge. The ACT tests a lot of different concepts, so it can take a while to cover them all. This is why an earlier start is better. Ideally you should start studying sophomore year to space out your hours and gradually gain familiarity with the structure of the test.Everyone has different study habits and restrictions on time, so you should further customize your plan while keeping these hour estimates as a baseline. Step 5: Create a Plan Based on Your Time Constraints and Studying Style How many weeks do you have before the test?How much time can you devote to studying in a typical week? There are many factors that will affect how you decide to study for the ACT. Here are some potential scenarios and corresponding study plans to get you started: Scenario 1: I Want to Improve by 1-2 Points, and I Have a Lot of Other Commitments Try doing some focused studying for an hour or two every week for however much time you have before the test.If you start at least a few months beforehand, you won’t be overwhelmed with yet another commitment, and you will gradually gain familiarity with questions while learning to avoid the silly mistakes that are costing you points. Two hours a week of studying for two months is a good general goal if you are closer to the test date. If you have four or more months before the test, you could try just an hour a week.Six months of studying for just an hour a week = 26 hours of study time! Scenario 2: I Want to Improve by 5 Points, and I Have the Summer to Study, but I’m Not Sure Where to Start Unstructured time is hard to manage, but it also means you can choose to study whenever you are most comfortable and least distracted.If you schedule out an afternoon each week when you will focus on studying, a few months may be enough to improve your scores.The chart above recommends around 80 hours of studying for a 5 point improvement. If you have three months to study, that comes out to about five hours a week. Scenario 3: I Want to Improve by 8 Points or More. Am I Crazy? No, you are (probably) perfectly sane!You may want to start studying earlier to catch up on the stuff you’re missing, but it’s doable if you're willing to put in some serious time and effort. If you still have six months before the test, think about which day of the week you will be least stressed by other commitments and schoolwork, and set that afternoon/evening aside for studying.Block out five hours a week for six months in advance of the test, and you should start to see significant positive results. If you have the resources to hire a tutor, this is when you might consider doing so.Theadvice of someone who has experience with the test is usually helpful if you feel like you are lacking in fundamental knowledge. Make sure you bring everything you need for the real ACT to your study sessions, including wacky markers and a regulation diameter globe. Step 6: Consider Factors That Increase or Decrease Study Time Requirements You might have special circumstances that mean you need to customize your study plan more drastically. Some people should study for more or less time based on past experience and time management skills. You May Need to Study for More Time If... You've already studied a lot, and you haven't seen much improvement. This might mean you need to switch up your strategies in addition to studying more. Take an objective look at how you've been using your study time so you can make productive changes. You're easily distracted. If you're spending a large chunk of your study time framing the perfect snapchat of you making a sad face with your ACT materials, you have a distraction problem. Try blocking out more time, and put away electronic devices while studying. It takes a while for you to learn from your mistakes. If you need to practice answering questions a few times before you understand your mistakes fully, you should consider studying for longer periods of time. You Might Improve in Less Time If... You're new to the ACT. If you are someone who has barely looked at the test before and just started studying, you'll see larger score gains in a shorter time. You're a super focused studier. What might take another person two hours to process will take you one, so consider dialing back your study time. You don't want to overdo it and end up with test fatigue. You learn quickly from your mistakes. If you never make the same mistake twice, you also shouldn't go overkill on studying. You probably only have to get the wrong answer once before you can rely on yourself to answer similar questions correctly in the future. Take Home Points You can formulate your ACT study plan based on your goals and the statistics for your top choice schools. The key is starting early! Give yourself more chances to excel. Figure out your target score, take apractice test, and decide how much you need to improve. Determine a realistic number of hours you will need to devote to studying based on your goals. Space out your studying time over the weeks leading up to your test date. Continue to take practice tests to evaluate the effectiveness of your studying and make sure you're on track. You’ve got this! What's Next? Check out our Complete Planfor when you should start studying for the ACT. This will give you a more comprehensive view of how to structure your time including what's tested, when you should take the test, and sample score goals for different levels of college selectivity. Also, take a look at our guide forhow to review missed questions on the SAT and ACT. If you can learn to effectively review missed questions, you will be a much more productive studier! Want to get a super high ACT score? Check out our guide to getting a perfect score on the ACT, written by a perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

What Competitive Strategy Coca Cola Should Adopt to Develop Business Dissertation - 1

What Competitive Strategy Coca Cola Should Adopt to Develop Business Expansions in China - Dissertation Example has released new bottling operations in China with plans of expanding its business. The company has commitments towards the country for investing in further growth in â€Å"one of the world’s largest and fastest growing beverage markets† (Guinness, 2011, p.166). The beverage market in China is known to be one of the most vibrant markets in the country. Monnikhof and Kranenberg (2000) had presented facts that around 48 percent of the populations are regular consumers of beverages in China (Alon, 2003, p.151). However, the country has other popular beverage companies as well like the Wahaha Future Cola or Wahaha Extreme Cola that pose competition for the Coca-Cola Company (Zhang & Alon, 2011, p.287). Globalization and the increasing competition in the current business world reflect the growth and development of different businesses and their expansion across different countries. The beverage industry is one of the largest industries in the world. The Coca-Cola Company being one of the leading companies in the world’s beverage industry, a research on their business strategies would help in an understanding of how leading companies create and maintain their position in their own countries as well as in other countries through expansions. China’s beverage industry reflects a huge market, particularly for large companies like the Coca-Cola Company. ... e business strategy for the company that may help the company in developing its business expansion in China and maintain its position above and over its competitors 2. Rationale of the Study: Globalization and the increasing competition in the current business world reflect the growth and development of different businesses and their expansion across different countries. The beverage industry is one of the largest industries in the world. The Coca-Cola Company being one of the leading companies in the world’s beverage industry, a research on their business strategies would help in an understanding of how leading companies create and maintain their position in their own countries as well as in other countries through expansions. China’s beverage industry reflects a huge market, particularly for large companies like the Coca-Cola Company. The company has its operations in China but the growing competitions and other internal and external factors may affect the successful expansion plans of the company. The rationale of the study is in the learning and understanding of the competitive business strategies of a leading beverage company that may benefit the expansion of the company in the China market. In the modern world of increased globalization, there is a need to learn the theories and concepts followed by large companies to have a view on the strategies necessary to keep up a position of a company in the industry among its competitor companies. This study would be focused on the Coca-Cola Company that already has its operations in the China market and would look for further expansions to which the company has the requirement of innovative and competitive strategies that would keep its position above its competitors. Hence, this study is rational in the context that

Night Vision Devices and History Research Paper

Night Vision Devices and History - Research Paper Example They incorporated active infrared to brighten up the scene. This was followed by generation 1 devices that relied on ambient light as opposed to an infrared light source. Examples of these devices include AN/PVS-2. With the changing technology, second generation night vision devices were developed. These devices featured a more advanced image intensifier than the previous generations (Stew 31). Seemingly, better clarity of the image was realized. Examples of these devices includes AN/PVS-4 and AN/VS-5 What Called For These Devices to Be Implemented Into Our Society Global population increase led to increased incidences of criminal activities. To curb this vice government institutions alongside nongovernmental organizations installed the night vision devices within their structures, this enabled proper monitoring of activities. The persons that thought of and developed this technology A night vision scientist, John Johnson, developed methods that predicted the target detection, identi fication and recognition (Anonymous 1). Upon the development of the image intensifier instrument, Johnson involved volunteer’s observers in order to test an individual ability to identify targets under varied conditions. Notably, this period marked a considerable development in the performance modeling of the night vision imaging systems. Other scientists behind this technology were George, Goodrich, James Ignatowski and William Wiley. They researched on the continuous channel electron multiplier APPLICATIONS FOR NIGHT VISION DEVICES. Application towards Safety Personnel using them For Search and Rescue. Night vision devices are used all over the world in rescue and maritime search. In a man overboard scenario, only the head of the person floating is visible. It is often visible as red or white balls against a dark background because the thermal heat of t greater the human head is greater than that of the water thus creating a 24 hour response capability (Anonymous 1). Moreov er, managing rescue at the sea has always been a complex undertaking. Occasionally, on scene commandos employ thermal imaging to keep track of the victims and their rescue personnel in the water. Notably, the improved situational awareness often increases the safety of all involved. As such, incorporation of the thermal imagers allows the maritime personnel to monitor whatever that is happening on land even in the event of darkness. Scientists using them for Further Scientific Research. Dr. Mark Horns of the department of engineering science and mechanics at Penn State University is working on the materials for night vision use. Thermograph employs vanadium oxide since its resistance changes with temperature (Vogel 36). It has been established that the relation between the change in temperature and resistance results to the temperature coefficient of resistivity of a material. At Penn State University, Dr. Horns group are currently studying on how nanotechnology enhancement to the m aterial properties and fabrication methods can help increase the temperature coefficient of resistivity for higher sensitivity, as well as, reduce production costs. The materials used are produced in the lab primarily by engaging the Pulsed DC Sputtering (Vogel 39). Medical Personnel using A Variant of NVDs for Practice or Further Medical UUT LIFESTAR’S is a civilian aero medical program that has embraced the night vision technology. It has been certified by the federal aviation administration to use

Smartphone Speech Essay Example for Free

Smartphone Speech Essay The first ever smartphone – IBM Simon smartphone? A high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a feature phone. The first smartphones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone or camera phone. Todays models also serve to combine the functions of portable media players, low-end compact digital cameras, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units. Modern smartphones typically also include high-resolution touchscreens, web browsers that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than just mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi and mobile broadband. The most common mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern smartphones include Apples iOS, Googles Android, Microsofts Windows Phone, Nokias Symbian, RIMs BlackBerry OS, and embedded Linux distributions such as Maemo and MeeGo. Such operating systems can be installed on many different phone models, and typically each device can receive multiple OS software updates over its lifetime. The distinction between smartphones and feature phones can be vague and there is no official definition for what constitutes the difference between them. One of the most significant differences is that the advanced application programming interfaces (APIs) on smartphones for running third-party applications can allow those applications to have better integration with the phones OS and hardware than is typical with feature phones. In comparison, feature phones more commonly run on proprietary firmware, with third-party software support through platforms such as Java ME or BREW. An additional complication in distinguishing between smartphones and feature phones is that over time the capabilities of new models of feature phones can increase to exceed those of phones that had been promoted as smartphones in the past. History Early years It was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product that year at COMDEX, the computer industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was released to the public in 1993 and sold by BellSouth. Besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail client, the ability to send and receive faxes, and games. It had no physical buttons, instead customers used a touchscreen to select telephone numbers with a finger or create faxes and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen predictive keyboard. By todays standards, the Simon would be a fairly low-end product, lacking a camera and the ability to download third-party applications. However, its feature set at the time was highly advanced. The Nokia Communicator line was the first of Nokias smartphones starting with the Nokia 9000, released in 1996. This distinctive palmtop computer style smartphone was the result of a collaborative effort of an early successful and costly personal digital assistant (PDA) by Hewlett-Packard combined with Nokias best-selling phone around that time, and early prototype models had the two devices fixed via a hinge. The Communicators are characterized by a clamshell design, with a feature phone display, keyboard and user interface on top of the phone, and a physical QWERTY keyboard, high-resolution display of at least 640? 200 pixels and PDA user interface under the flip-top. The software was based on the GEOS V3. 0 operating system, featuring email communication and text-based web browsing. In 1998, it was followed by Nokia 9110, and in 2000 by Nokia 9110i, with improved web browsing capability. In 1997 the term smartphone was used for the first time when Ericsson unveiled the concept phone GS88 the first device labeled as smartphone. Symbian The Nokia 9210 Communicator (Symbian 2000 model smartphone)In 2000, the touchscreen Ericsson R380 Smartphone was released. It was the first device to use an open operating system, the Symbian OS. It was the first device marketed as a smartphone. It combined the functions of a mobile phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA). In December 1999 the magazine Popular Science appointed the Ericsson R380 Smartphone to one of the most important advances in science and technology. It was a groundbreaking device since it was as small and light as a normal mobile phone. In 2002 it was followed up by P800. Also in 2000, the Nokia 9210 communicator was introduced, which was the first color screen model from the Nokia Communicator line. It was a true smartphone with an open operating system, the Symbian OS. It was followed by the 9500 Communicator, which also was Nokias first cameraphone and first Wi-Fi phone. The 9300 Communicator was smaller, and the latest E90 Communicator includes GPS. The Nokia Communicator model is remarkable for also having been the most costly phone model sold by a major brand for almost the full life of the model series, costing easily 20% and sometimes 40% more than the next most expensive smartphone by any major producer. In 2007 Nokia launched the Nokia N95 which integrated a wide range of multimedia features into a consumer-oriented smartphone: GPS, a 5 megapixel camera with autofocus and LED flash, 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity and TV-out. In the next few years these features would become standard on high-end smartphones. The Nokia 6110 Navigator is a Symbian based dedicated GPS phone introduced in June 2007. In 2010 Nokia released the Nokia N8 smartphone with a stylus-free capacitive touchscreen, the first device to use the new Symbian^3 OS. [16] It featured a 12 megapixel camera with Xenon flash able to record HD video in 720p, escribed by Mobile Burn as the best camera in a phone,[17] and satellite navigation that Mobile Choice described as the best on any phone. [18] It also featured a front-facing VGA camera for videoconferencing. Symbian was the number one smartphone platform by market share from 1996 until 2011 when it dropped to second place behind Googles Android OS. In February 2011, Nokia announced that it would replace Symbian with Windows Phone as the operating system on all of its future smartphones. [19] This transition was completed in October 2011, when Nokia announced its first line of Windows Phone 7. 5 smartphones, Lumia 710 and 800. Smartphone market share For several years, demand for advanced mobile devices boasting powerful processors and graphics processing units, abundant storage (flash memory) for applications and media files, high-resolution screens with multi-touch capability, and open operating systems has outpaced the rest of the mobile phone market. According to an early 2010 study by ComScore, over 45. 5 million people in the United States owned smartphones out of 234 million total subscribers. Despite the large increase in smartphone sales in the last few years, smartphone shipments only made up 20% of total handset shipments as of the first half of 2010. According to Gartner in their report dated November 2010, total smartphone sales doubled in one year and now smartphones represent 19. 3 percent of total mobile phone sales. Smartphone sales increased in 2010 by 72. 1 percent from the prior year, whereas sales for all mobile phones only increased by 32%. According to an Olswang report in early 2011, the rate of smartphone adoption is accelerating as of March 2011 22% of UK consumers had a smartphone, with this percentage rising to 31% amongst 24- to 35-year-olds. In March 2011, Berg Insight reported data that showed global smartphone shipments increased 74% from 2009 to 2010. A survey of mobile users in the United States by Nielsen in Q3, 2011 reports that smartphone ownership has reached 43% of all U. S. mobile subscribers, with the vast majority of users under the age of 44 owning one. In the 25-34 age range smartphone ownership is reported to be at 62%. NPD Group reports that the share of handset sales that were smartphones in Q3, 2011 reached 59% for consumers 18 and over in the U. S. In profit share worldwide smartphones now far exceed the share of non-smartphones. According to a November 2011 research note from Canaccord Genuity, Apple Inc. olds 52% of the total mobile industrys operating profits, while only holding 4. 2% of the global handset market. HTC and RIM similarly only make smartphones and their worldwide profit shares are at 9% and 7%, respectively. Samsung, in second place after Apple at 29%, makes both smartphones and feature phones and doesnt report a breakdown separating their profits between the two kinds of devices, but it can be intuited that a significant portion of that profit comes from their flagship smartphone devices. Up to the end of November 2011, camera-equipped smartphones took 27 percent of photos, a significant increase from 17 percent last year. Due to the fact that we carry smartphones with us all the time, smartphones have replaced some functions of Point-and-shoot cameras, except the cameras with big optical zoom such as 10x. In early July 2011 the Pew Research Center released the results of a new study. The findings show that 35% of adults own smartphones, and those phones are the main source of Internet access for 25% of their users. The trends and adoption rates continue to climb and mobile devices and connections become a bigger part of the lives of more and more people.

Comparing Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment and Ralph Waldo Emersons Self-Reliance :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment and Ralph Waldo Emerson's Self-Reliance "It is only as a man puts off from himself all external support, and stands alone, that I see him to be strong and to prevail..." -Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson's stance on human nature as seen in Self-Reliance is antithetical to that of Dostoevsky's in Crime and Punishment. It is my sincere hope that, had Emerson read this novel, he would have considered more carefully the implications of embracing a self-reliant human nature. A self-reliant nature infers that the self is not relying on the divine for wisdom, but on personal judgments, scientific conclusions, and moral convictions. A self-reliant human being is one that believes that (s)he is capable of arriving at the same plane as God; divinity lies within. Following this nature leads to pervasive feelings of isolation from others because one feels independent from the thoughts of all human beings and thereby rejects any commonality among humans. By failing to recognize the fallibility of the self and the limitations of personal thought and experience, one transcends and also defies his own humanity. Svidrigailov, the pernicious, obstinate character who successfully defies humanity, personifies Emerson himself. Emerson's words echo Svidigailov's resolute theory on human nature: "... If I am the devil's child, I will live then from the devil. No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but names very readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my constitution, the only wrong what is against it. A man is to carry himself in the presence of all opposition as if every thing were titular and ephemeral but he" (Emerson, 260). Emerson and Svidigailov share in the amoral belief that Truth is found only by following one's own nature. Because divinity lies within one's nature, it is logical that not following one's nature is to reject the will of God. Emerson's words spell out the very point Dostoevsky wishes to refute. Dostoevsky conveys that this notion of a personal "constitution" is the very cause of immorality and misery among human be ings. For it is in one's personal "constitution" where isolation begins and the common Truth in all beings is defied. Raskolnikov, the self-righteous student who tests his ability to transcend human nature by committing murder, cannot fully accept his personal constitution as truth. He is dubious of Svidigailov's character and thus Emerson's theory.

Affordable Care Act Essay

Abstract The Affordable Care Act Health coverage was developed to provide and guarantee coverage for sickness, injury and preventable health measures. Many people suffer from illness’ that go untreated because they have no health insurance or cannot afford it. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act allows everyone to have health insurance. In this case study I will explain how the affordable Care Act in North Carolina has improved. The impact of the Affordable Care act on the population that it affected The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the most comprehensive reform of the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also called Obama Care transforms the non-group insurance market in the United States, mandates that all residents will have health insurance, significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, Medicare. Many people are opposed to Obama Care, simply because their high Republican beliefs won’t allow them to participate in any program put in place by a Democrat. Participating in a Healthcare program shouldn’t be chosen by whichever political party you believe in, it should be determined by carefully thought out plans and weighing the pros and cons of whichever coverage best suits you and your family’s needs. The Affordable Care Act  does not affect people or families currently covered with adequate health insurance. Those who already have Heath Care in place are protected by the â€Å"Grandfather Policy†. However, it does affect lower income Americans without health care making below 138% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). They may qualify for Medicaid under Medicaid expansion, if they meet all of the policies requirements. This puts health care within reach of many people denied health care in the past. The President of the United States put laws in place that all people participate in the Affordable Care Act and get health care insurance or be penalized and pay monthly fines. This legislation ensures that all people be treated equally†¦ the rich, poor or anywhere in between, you must have health insurance. To some this program seems very beneficial, but we as Americans do not like the government controlling our Medicare choices. These newly enacted Affordable Care Acts were set in place to help all Americans receive health care and medical treatment. This act wasn’t put in place to provide care to people living in the United States illegally; undocumented immigrants and people who have been in the United States for less than five years do not qualify. The uninsured people, who gain insurance coverage in 2014, will obtain their coverage through the state’s Medicaid program. Beginning in 2014, the Affordable Care Act requires that states expand Medicaid coverage to most uninsured adults with modified adjusted gross income no greater than 138% of the federal poverty limit. Children in families with incomes no greater than 200% FPL will continue to be eligible for Medicaid or North Carolina Health Choice (North Carolina’s Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Other people will gain coverage through private insurance offered through the Health Benefit Exchange (HBE). (Milstead, 2013, p. 199) . The impact of the economics of providing care to patients from the organizations view In the case study, the impact of the affordable care act on North Carolina uninsured population in 2011 showed childless, non-disabled, nonelderly adults could not qualify for Medicaid. Being poor, unemployed or homeless did not qualify a person for Medicaid. People, who are uninsured, are more likely to delay care and less likely to receive  preventive services, primary care, or chronic care management. As of 2014, The Affordable care Act adults will be able to qualify for Medicaid if their income is no greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. That income level was set at $30,429 for a family of four in 2010. However, some states do allow a family of four to have higher incomes and still qualify. The case study also showed that providing Medicaid to all people across the chart insured total coverage to all people and the FPL (Federal Poverty Level) had risen to a level where all peo ple were nearly identical to one another. Suggesting that if health care is provided equally throughout the nation there will be a lull in infectious diseases and untreated illnesses because everyone would seek treatment since they have coverage. Some of the economic growth and plans involve tax credits to individuals and families participating in Affordable Care Act, helping to keep participation affordable to all. Doing so helps to promote membership to all, thus keeping costs at a minimum and entices more families to participate. Another planned impact would be the cap placed on insurance company’s expenditures, careful monitoring of costs to provide service will eliminate overcharging by insurance companies and its affiliates. The government understands that it will take a number of years before the Affordable Care Act will show how much of a positive impact this program has on its participants. However, the government promises that keeping health care costs affordable will eventually lower rates and spending across the board. It says that with health care more available to all, more people get better and employees will come in to work reducing sick days and create better productivity, and financial gain for everyone. The Affordable Care Act also keeps families from financial ruin now when a family member becomes sick or unable to work they can still have health coverage through policies of their own or coverage provided through a participating family member. Before when a family member got sick they had to worry about being cut off of coverage if they lost their jobs. Families also had the added worry of escalating medical expenses while they were suffering through their sicknesses. Many feared losing their homes to pay for medical expenses. How the patients will be affected in relationship to the cost of treatment, quality of treatment, and access to treatment The Residents of North Carolina’s will have access to quality, affordable health care under the updated health insurance reform. The Affordable Care Act of 2014 will have a positive effect on patient safety and outcomes. It will provide many resources to allow patients easier access to insurance for health care costs and preventive care such as cancer screenings and vaccines. It will give incentives to health care facilities to improve the care being given. It is also mandated for all healthcare facilities to use electronic health record systems to keep track of all patient information to minimize errors. Doing this will also ensure that all patients receive the same care and treatment at all facility’s and that hospitals can share new developments or procedures. Reducing costs and prolonged hospital stays and long drawn out treatments, patients in need of specialized treatments can be sent to facilities better equipped to treat them with records of their treatments already in the system. (R. Kocher, J. Emanuel, M. Deparle, 2014, pp. 536-540) The Affordable Care Act provides medical coverage for families and children and is required to continue to make such coverage available for an adult child who is not married until the child reaches age 26. However, the Affordable Care Act is not obligated to make coverage available for a child of a child receiving dependent coverage. These people are considered parents themselves, and are expected to work and provide health care for their dependent children themselves. The ethical implications of this act for both the organization and the patients Since the beginning of 2010 adults, can qualify for Medicaid if their income is not greater than 138 percent of the Federal Poverty Level. Gaining strength over the last couple of years as of 2014 everyone is qualified to get Affordable Health Care as long as they meet the plans restrictions and verifications. As everyone in North Carolina gains health coverage, the state and county governments could potentially reduce some of the expense to safety net providers currently used to help pay for services to the uninsured. Under this new mandated health reform, hospitals and medical  providers will be assured funding and payment since this program is to be funded by the federal government. Thus providing a system where medical facilities can focus on patient care, and not worry about the un or under insured not being able to pay for the care they receive. When organizations across the entire United States are given enough funding to cover the expense of new equipment and supplies, it allows more opportunities for hiring more educated staff members, and lets health providers focus on patient care. The state of North Carolina may eventually experience a decrease in unnecessary use of the emergency department and reduced hospitalizations as more people gain coverage and access to preventive and primary care services. Once health care is made more readily available and affordable to more people and families, the risk of fraud and abuse of services would be greatly reduced. These worries and concerns will all but be eliminated because health care would now be available to all Americans. Even Americans who were once refused treatment due to pre-existing health problems can now be seen by a physician. The Affordable Care Act prohibits pre-existing condition exclusions, refusals of treatment and all other discriminations based on health status by group health plans. Reference Milstead, J. A. (2013). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Kocher, R., Emanuel, E. J., & DeParle, N. M. (2010). The Affordable Care Act and the Future of Clinical Medicine: The Opportunities and Challenges. Annals Of Internal Medicine, 153(8), 536-W.190 Kovner, A. R., & Knickerman, J. R. (2011). Health care delivery in the United States. (10th ed.). New York, NY: Springer. 2014, 01). Impact of Affordable Care Act on North Carolina Uninsured Population. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 01, 2014, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Impact-Of-Affordable-Care-Act-On-46392180.html (P.L. 111-152 Summary of patient protection and affordable care act (P.L. 111-148, H.R. 3590), with amendments of the health care and education reconciliation act of 2010, H.R. 4872). (2010). Tax Management Tax Practice Series Bulletin, 22(7), 12-31. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/193794262?accountid=14872

Good People Essay

The Good People play took place in 2011, and it was by David Lindsay. It was one of the most premiere plays in the world at the time. Its production got two nominations in 2011 for Tony awards, which included best play and best actress. This response paper will focus on the play titled good people. The paper will have an explanation of my opinion about the acting, producing, directing, lighting and clothing. The characters of the play were Mike, Margie, Dottie, Jean, Stevie and Kate. Acting The acting of the play was highly good, and one of the play’s characters Margie Walsh, who had been a resident of Southie for many years, was sacked from her position of employment due to tardiness. She had been a cashier at a dollar-store business. Margie went to her old friend with whom she schooled in high school who had become a doctor and sought for employment. She shamed her doctor friend by the name Mike for declining to invite her to his birthday. Margie was looking forward to the birthday party. This was because she wanted to capitalize on the party in order to mingle with the potential-employers. Producing The play was produced on Broadway in 2011. It began by the Broadway previews at a theatre known as Samuel Friedman on 8th February, 2011 and opened its doors to the public on 3rd March the same year. Its productions were extremely superb, where Daniel Sullivan was the director. The stars were Tate Donovan and Frances McDormand. Donovan acted as Mike while McDormand as Margie. Some other members of the cast included Becky Baker who acted as Jean, Estelle Parsons acted as Dottie, Patrick Carroll acted as Stevie, Renee Goldsberry acted as Kate. The play had a highly resourceful and creative team that included John Beatty who provided set pieces, David Zinn who provided costumes and Pat Collins who provided lighting. There was a limited engagement that was concluded on the 29th May, 2011 after more than 100 regular performances as well as 27 previews. Directing Daniel Sullivan directed the play, which starred Frances McDormand and Tate Donovan. Daniel Sullivan had been nominated as the director who would be the most outstanding in the play. The directing of the play was highly good through the introduction of various set pieces that were highly ridiculous as well as enjoyable. The directing was also fascinating and spectacular with some sense of humor from the director himself. The director had some comic effects that made the play funny as well as playful and in some instances causing prolonged laughter and stitches from the audience. Lighting The lighting of the play provided a highly good ambience, which made the play highly attractive to watch. The acting stage was properly lit with some colored bulbs and fluorescent tubes. There were alternating bright and dim colors on the stage, which signified numerous messages that the actors wanted to communicate. The lighting system complimented with the costumes in a highly good and attractive way. Overall, the theatre had a bright lighting system that made all the people to be properly visible. Clothing The actors had extremely attractive costumes that improved their appearance. The costumes or the clothing of the characters comprised of the mainstream cultures that were borrowed extensively from a multiplicity of various cultures in the world. The roles of the characters in the play clearly defined what particular costumes that was to be used. The costumes’ colors were highly attractive and expressed the various themes of the play. Conclusion Conclusively, Good People was a highly popular play that made people claim that it was a hit in the theatre clubs, in the larger Manhattan. The lovers of the play advocated for its justice by fighting for its recognition. One of its stars, Frances McDormand respected the women who worked extremely hard as a way of making a living without complaining. The scenes set up in the play was highly appealing and fascinating.

Ghost of Christmas present Essay Example

Ghost of Christmas present Essay Example Ghost of Christmas present Paper Ghost of Christmas present Paper Essay Topic: A Christmas Carol We have four ghosts in A Christmas carol. There is Jacob Marley. He is a ghost who has come back to warn scrooge that three ghosts are coming to see him. The chain he drew was clasped about his middle. He is also warning him that he will, like Jacob, be made to wear the chain that he forged in life. The chain is described as vividly in the text, and it all linked because of Scrooges job. It was made of cash-boxes, keys, padlocks, ledgers, deeds and heavy purses wrought in steel. Jacob is described with a pigtail, usual waistcoat, tights, and boots; the tassels on the latter bristling, like his pigtail, and his coat-skirts, and the hair upon his head. The second of the ghosts is the Ghost of Christmas Past. This too is described vividly, but in a different way to Jacob Marley. It was a strange figure- like a child; yet not so like a child as like an old man, viewed through some supernatural medium, which gave him the appearance of having receded from the view, and being diminished to a childs proportions. Its hair, which hung about its neck and down its back, was white as if with age; and yet the face had not a wrinkle in it, and the tenderness bloom was on the skin. The arms were very long and muscular; the hands the same, as if its hold were of uncommon strength. Its legs and feet, most delicately formed, were, like those upper members, bear. It wore a tunic of the purest white; and round its waist was bound a lustrous belt, the sheen of which was beautiful. It held a branch of fresh green holly in its hand; and, in singular contradiction of that wintry emblem, had its dress trimmed with summer flowers. : But the strangest thing about it was, that from the crown of its head there sprang a bright clear jet of light, by which all this was visible; and which was doubtless the occasion of its using, in its duller moments, a great extinguisher for a cap, which it now held under its arm. The light and the cap that springs from the head can be interpreted as different things. Its job is to show Scrooge some upsetting memories from past Christmass. He is a reminder ghost, who is making him feel guilty. The third ghost is the Ghost of Christmas present. This one is a different kind of description. It was clothed in one simple deep green robe, or mantle, bordered with white fur. This garment hung so loosely on the figure that its capacious breast was bare, as if disdaining to be warded or concealed by any artifice. Its feet, observable beneath the ample folds of the garment, were also bare; and on its head it wore no other covering than a holly wreath, set here and there with shining icicles. Its dark-brown curls were long and free; free as its genial face, its sparkling eye, its open hand, its cheery voice, its unconstrained demeanour, and its joyful air. Girded round its middle was an antique scabbard; but no sword was in it. And the ancient sheath was eaten up with rust. This is once again a warning ghost. A ghost who is there to warn scrooge what his actions are doing to other people. The last of the ghosts is the Ghost of Christmas yet to come. Like all the other spirits this is described in tremendous detail, but in a slightly different way to the others. The others were definitely impressive, but the last one is shrouded in mystery and the classic tension and atmosphere starts to build-up. This is how it is described. It was shrouded in a deep black garment, which concealed its head, its face, its form, and left nothing of it visible, save one outstretched hand. But for this, it would have been difficult to detach its finger from the night, and separate it from the darkness by which it was surrounded. We now get into the more eerie feel. If we look at the characters which are not ghost but highly needed in the story we have the victims. There are two of these in A Christmas Carol. They are Bob Cratchit and, of course, none other then Ebenezer Scrooge. Although Bob isnt a victim of the hauntings.

Definition and Examples of Hypallage

Definition and Examples of Hypallage A figure of speech in which an adjective or participle (an epithet) grammatically qualifies a noun other than the person or thing it is actually describing is called hypallage. Hypallage is sometimes defined more broadly as the inversion or radical rearrangement of normal word order, an extreme type of anastrophe or hyperbaton. Examples and Observations: I lighted a thoughtful cigarette and, dismissing Archimedes for the nonce, allowed my mind to dwell once more on the ghastly jam into which I had been thrust by young Stiffys ill-advised behaviour.(P.G. Wodehouse, The Code of the Woosters, 1938)Winter kept us warm, coveringEarth in forgetful snow, feedingA little life with dried tubers.(T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land)anyone lived in a pretty how town(with up so floating many bells down)(E.E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town)There one goes, unsullied as yet, in his Pullman pride, toyingoh, boy!with a blunderbuss bourbon, being smoked by a large cigar, riding out to the wide open spaces of the faces of his waiting audience.(Dylan Thomas, A Visit to America. Quite Early One Morning, 1968)[I]n short, tis of such a nature, as my father once told my Uncle Toby, upon the close of a long dissertation upon the subject: You can scarce, said he, combine two ideas together upon it, brother Toby, without an hypallage.Whats that? cried my u ncle Toby.The cart before the horse, replied my father.(Laurence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, 1759-1767) Like enallage, hypallage is an apparent mistake. All changes of grammatical function are not valid cases of hypallage. Puttenham, who calls hypallage the changeling, points out that the user of this figure perverts meaning by shifting the application of words: . . . as he should say for . . . come dine with me and stay not, come stay with and me and dine not.The mistake becomes a figure by expressing a meaning, albeit an unexpected one. According to Guiraud (p. 197), The device is related to the aesthetics of vagueness; by suppressing the relationship of necessity between determined and determinant, it tends to liberate the latter.(Bernard Marie Dupriez and Albert W. Halsall, A Dictionary of Literary Devices. Univ. of Toronto Press, 1991) Shakespeares Use of Hypallage His coward lips did from their color fly.(Cassius in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Act 1, sc. 2)The eye of man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen, mans hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive, nor his heart to report, what my dream was.(Bottom in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream, Act 4, sc. 1)The rhetorical figure Shakespeare uses here is hypallage, often described as the transferred epithet. His rudeness so with his authorized youth did livery falseness in a pride of truth. It is the rudeness that is authorized, not the youth; hypallage transfers the modifier (authorized) from object (rudeness) to subject (youth).(Lisa Freinkel, Reading Shakespeares Will. Columbia Univ. Press, 2002)

Canadian Involvement in Afghan War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Canadian Involvement in Afghan War - Essay Example Each participating nation has contributed on both levels to the overall battle. When it comes to a public relations standpoint, it has left many wondering when, if ever, the needs of back home will be attended to. Things such as health care for those who need it, funding education, taking care of roads that need repaving, etc. Many have argued that, while the intent of riding the world of terrorism is an understandable cause, the amount of time and energy spent on the issue, could very well be allocated elsewhere as well. In such areas that are desperately seeking an assistance from the necessary state and federal agencies and if they don't receive such assistance, may run the risk of falling by the waste side. An example of such a country with real economic concerns for their citizens and the desire to investigate the expenditures given to the war in Afghanistan, would be Canada. America's neighbor to the north but a neighbor that has issues at home that are just as important to them, as American and other countries issues are to them. Just as the case is for other nations that are faced with the issue of assisting with the war on terror, such as combat issues in Afghanistan, Canada too has been faced with the dilemma of deciding how best to proceed. In regards to Canadian intent, "At the Conservatives' behest, Parliament voted in March 2008 to end Canada's military role in Afghanistan in 2011," (Annis, p.1). A clear indicator of the desire amongst many to return the attention of the Canadian government back to where most feel it should be. That is, handling the many issues within its borders that average Canadian citizens feel remain un-noticed, all the while, the economy of the country remains locked into the impending cost assessments of its continued involvement in the war effort. From a more human level, "The war is going terribly wrong for Ottawa by any measure. Thousands of Afghans have died or suffered injury. Hundreds of thousands, if not millions, have been displaced, forced into exile and otherwise lost their livelihoods," (Annis, p.1). Such an assessment, would serve to bring into focus the cost of continued involvement with the war, that can easily be overlooked. That is, the cost to the lives of those who are faced with the continued responsibility, on whatever level, of maintaining the present action in Afghanistan and forgoing anything else. From a standpoint of economics, the GDP (or Gross Domestic Product) of a nation, affirms its strength as a producing country. According to the U.S. State Department, the following are figures in regards to Canada's GDP which come from 2007. In the section under economy, they are: GDP(2007): 1.266 trillion Real GDP growth rate (2007): 2.7% Per capita GDP (2007): $38,435. (Background Note, p.1). Economically speaking, the citizens of Canada have real and pressing needs to be met that would be assisted by the re-direction of funds back to aiding the funding of those programs and services. Keeping education funding at the level at which it would need to be in order to best serve Canadian students, would better be met by the re-allocation of funds that are presently being spent on military operations in Afghanistan. From a standpoint

Gendercide Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gendercide - Assignment Example From this essay it is clear that in order to save the women from facing this type of misery, the pregnancy is terminated. This is one of the main reasons that justify gendercide. The boys are also in a better position to protect their families and fend for them as compared to girls. A family is therefore much secured if they have boys as compared to girls .   Some of the religious roles in India can only be performed by men and hence the advantage of a family having a son as compared to a daughter. The levels of discrimination of women in India is also high due cultural believes and hence more justification for a son.This paper highlights that the strength of the research is on the use of examples and comparisons between different cultures and countries with regard to the problem. However, it weaknesses is the lack of adequate statistical data to support the findings. Some of the information is also too general in the paper. The qualitative methods have mainly been used in the rese arch and this has provided a lot of useful information with regard to the topic. The research was also based on specific populations like the Indians and the Chinese. Generalizing the findings therefore affects its outcome. The research provides more information to the healthcare workers including nurses on why abortion rates are high in some communities when the women are expecting a girl. In conclusion, it is evident that gendercide can be justified by cultural and economic reasons in India.

Intel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intel - Essay Example To succeed in this changing computing environment, Intel needs to focus on the following key objectives: Intel faces significant competition in the development and market acceptance of technologies and products in this environment. They are a leading provider in the PC and server segments, where they face existing and emerging competition. In the PC segment, smaller mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones, offered by numerous vendors have become significant competitors to PCs for many usages. They are a relatively new entrant to the segments for tablets, smartphones and similar mobile devices which we believe they should focus on. After identifying the key objectives and analysing the SWOT Analysis, Intel has a distinct opportunity at this time to enter into the mobile market. Â  By entering in the mobile market, Intel can take advantage of an ever increasing demand for the newest and latest smartphones.This growing market of technology has been dominated in recent years by Apple and Samsung. Â   In a recent article, the top selling smartphones worldwide mostly consisted of Samsung and Apple products. Â  Although Apple has the highest selling product in the iPhone 5s, Samsung has the number two, three, four, eight, and ten highest selling smartphones. The Samsung Galaxy S5 is their best at the second spot. In the United States alone, iPhones are still the best seller followed by Samsung. Â  The Android is still the best platform followed by the iOS. Â  As far as OEM’s are concerned, Apple and Samsung are the two big players here in the United States. Intel is the leading semiconductor for many of the components that go into the different operating systems that are found in many of the smartphones today. Â  This is why Intel has the opportunity to step into a market that has been controlled by two companies in recent years. Â  Intel can

Leadership Behaviour and Tests for Personality Types

Leadership Behaviour and Tests for Personality Types INTRODUCTION Business was created by people for themselves to sell goods and services to which they need but they cannot produce. From the smallest of business arrangements to largest of them, they are meant to meet the goals and objective of human beings. Organizational behavior examines people’s values, beliefs and values and how they influence the manner in which the business is carried out. Leadership and Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study and the application of the particulars about how people behave when in groups a case scenario of working in an organizations. And how their different values, beliefs and behavior influence the organization’s performance and success. Elements of Organizational Behavior All organizations are driven by its mission, vision and goals for its establishment. Organizations are also led using culture which dictates how things are done in the office premises, how the employees relate with each other and code of dressing are part of the stipulations of the culture of the organization. The vision, mission and goal of the organization should be motivational for the employees to improve the company’s performance and success both in the long and short run. Models of Organizational Behavior. Generally, there are four common models that illustrate how organizations are led and run. They are autocratic model, custodial model, supportive model and finally the collegial model. (Cunningham, Eberle, 1990; Davis 1967) Autocratic model, this is the kind of a model that is similar with the dictator method of leadership where the leader is the communicator and the people just follow the leaders instructions without questioning the leader’s authority. The manager in this case rules over the employees and little autonomy or none is allowed for the employees. Performance of the company’s led using this model is generally low since the employees are handled like robots without much say to the running of the organization. The second model is the custodial model; this is whereby the chief manager promises the employees of taking care of their financial needs and the benefits that follow if the take the company to a greater level in terms of performance and Excellency. The employees are remunerated according to the success of the company. The third model is the supportive model. It entails the employees receiving support from the management of the company so as to drive the company to where the vision of the company wants them to be both in terms of goals achievement and customer satisfaction. The fourth and final theory is the collegial theory, which involves a partnership between the employees and the employer with the aim of boosting the company’s performance, through the employee’s innovativeness and creativity by allowing them to do what they perceive is right for the company in their own views. Collegial theory — this is a partnership of the employees to boost performance through autonomous thinking and doing what they perceive is good for the company they are working for. BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TEST. The big five personality test is a set of simple and clear questions whose objectives are to understand individuals personalities and how they act and react when subjected to different situations of decision making and question answering. There are basically five major types of personalities possessed by individuals. They include; neuroticism this re the kind of people that are mainly worried and frighten by unimportant things. The second type of personality is extraversion, this refers to people that are basically social animals. They enjoy outdoors and spending time with other individuals to feel happy and satisfied in life. The third type of personality is agreeableness, this are the individuals that agree to ideas, concepts and suggestions easily, they are usually very gullible and easy to take advantage of. The last type of personality is people that are open to experience. This is optimists that always look at the bright side of every situation. They view life at a good view fo r development and success. For an individual to realize their type of personality, they should run a test that consists of around 30 questions about the self. On things you like, dislike, fear, wish for an the like with the aim of understanding yourself more to identify which kind of personality you possess and how it can be of help to your life’s purpose and goals. The questions are rated to determine the degree and level on the answer. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MYERS-BRIGGS TEST The Myer Briggs theory was devised by the mother and her daughter. Their major goal was to establish the different individual value, attitudes and beliefs. This is the breakthrough to understanding an individual’s strengths and weaknesses of the self for better understanding of the self. Strengths and weaknesses identification is key to unlocking one’s potential in life as one is able to specialize in the line of strengths and take it slow on the weakness side. Overview of the Myers-Briggs Test From the findings of the Myer Briggs theory, it has been established that people basically have 16 types of personality according to (Myer and Briggs, 1997). The test implies that an individual should subject themselves to the test for them to understand their natural strengths and weaknesses so as to concentrate on the areas of endowments in career choice and compatibility with other people. There is no right or wrong personality type or one that that shows superiority or abnormalities. There just show the diversities in the makeup of different individuals. It is basically a test to help people understand themselves better. Thequestionnaire itself is made up of four different scales: There are individuals that fall in the category of extremes of extroverts and introverts. Extroverts are those people that are loud in nature and are social animals. Their happiness and satisfaction lies within the interactions with others. Introverts are the silent people that enjoy their own company compared to that of social interactions. These kind of people find satisfaction in indoors and privacy. We all have that loud side the silent side. But what counts is the preference we choose. There is another group of individuals that are classified by the way they make decisions. The first group is classified according to how they sense things in a situation. The sensors concentrate more to what they can learn from their own thoughts, ideas and senses. The class of people makes decisions based merely on intuitions. They pay more attention to already established concepts, patterns and impressions. They hardly come up with new innovations. They are short on creativity. They enjoy thinking of the future and imagining the possibilities of life. The next classification is for the thinkers and the people whose decisions are based on their feelings. Thinkers tend to pay more attention to existing facts. They are down to earth and in touch with the reality on the ground. They look for sense in situations while their fellow counterpart’s arts that dwell on feelings are into feelings of the heart and emotions. They are mostly more emotionally attached in their decisions than the thinkers.

Essay --

As of September 2012, the number of states and school districts requiring online courses for high school graduation has increased, as states seek to teach students how to manage in an increasingly digital world. In April 2006, Michigan became the first state to require online learning as a requirement for high school graduation. Since that time Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, and Virginia have legislated requirements. Georgia, New Mexico, and West Virginia recommend students experience an online learning course before graduating from high school; however, it is not required. Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Utah allow students to choose online courses from multiple accredited online providers. Some local school boards in districts across the country have promoted similar graduation requirements, including Marietta City Schools in Georgia, Memphis City Schools and Putnam County Schools in Tennessee, and the Kenosha and Cedarburg School Districts in Wisconsin. Education leaders in these states and districts believe that requiring online courses as a requirement for graduation is a necessary step toward becoming college and/or career ready, because when a student graduates from high school, whether choosing a two-year or four-year college, or entering the workforce, there is the likelihood of taking an online course. According to the Education Commission of the States, most virtual offerings are at the high school level. Students taking individual online courses are much more common than are students attending fully-virtual secondary institutions. According to Market Data Retrieval, 15% of American high schools provide online courses; some states, districts and universities host virtual high schools. In O... ...chools and parish-based Catechism courses. Catholic Online Education Providers Edified Online partners with Catholic schools worldwide to provide online education resources and course offerings that exceed national standards and expectations. Edified has more than 80 online courses available for grades 6-12, including College Board certified AP courses. Edified Online is endorsed by the NCEA. Catholic Schools K12 Virtual is an online school comprised of resources, academic, elective and religion classes for Catholic school students. Working with a number of experts in the field of online education, Catholic Schools K12 Virtual has developed a two tiered model for online education; the virtual class and the digital classroom, blending traditional education and online learning. Costs for an online course, depending on its length, range from $300 to $700 per course.

School will Improve Education in America

School choice will improve education in America. Public schools are grossly inefficient, and are not educating many of America's youths adequately. Schools that are run independent from local government bureaucracy provide better education at lower cost. School choice would allow more students to attend better schools. School choice is a potent educational reform that is far more effective than increased spending. The fears of opponents of school choice are factually unfounded. School choice is necessary to improve American education. Through allowing more parental choice in education, school choice forces education into a free market environment. As it is now, parents send children to the nearest school, assigned to them by the school district. If a family is wealthy enough and chooses to do so, parents can send children to private schools. However, this family then pays twice for one education. They still pay their taxes, and they pay the tuition for the private school. Under a school choice plan, any parent who decides to send their child to a private school will receive a scholarship from the government, redeemable for tuition at scholarship accepting private schools. The scholarship dollar amount is far below that of the average cost per student per year at public schools, but would allow millions of parents who cannot presently afford private tuition to do so. If a school performed poorly, parents would choose to remove their children, and then send to them to better schools. If a school began losing all its students, and therefore all its funding, the school would desire to improve. Under the current system, government schools get your money whether they are doing a good job or not. Milton Friedman was one of the first people to propose a school choice plan. Since he did so over a quarter century ago, support has expanded rapidly. However, few plans for school choice have actually been enacted. The city of Milwaukee enacted a program designed by future choice icon Polly Williams. She asked the simple yet brilliant question, â€Å"Why not allow tax dollars to go to the schools that are working? † (Harmer, 162) The plan does not allow religious schools to participate, and allows only low-income children to take part. Schools that participate can have no more than 49% of their students are scholarship receiving students. The extremely limited scale demonstration has had little effect on Milwaukee public schools, but has enabled many students to attend better schools. The number of students in the choice program has grown every year, in 1990 there were 341, in 1994 there were 846. (McGroarty, 36) In California in 1993, the Parental Choice in Education Initiative was placed on the ballot. The initiative was defeated by more than 2 to 1. However, proponents were outspent by a factor of 4 to 1. Unions such as the AFL-CIO, Nation Education Association, and California Teachers association raised over $17 million. Proponents raised only $4. 1 million, and were left with only $2. 5 million once they got the initiative on the ballot. (Harmer, 147) Demonstrators attempted to physically prevent people from signing the petitions to get the initiative on the ballot. People deliberately signed the petition multiple times to hamper school choice efforts. One person signed 23 times. Principles and teachers sent home anti-school choice information with children. School boards, such as that of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD), illegally used public funds and forums to send an anti-choice message. From the standpoint of well to do Washington, D. C. suburbs, a school choice plan may seem unnecessary. Choice plans are not designed to help the upper-middle or upper class children. David Harmer wrote, â€Å"In my travels as president of the Excellence through Choice in Education League (ExCEL), I rarely met rich white suburban Republicans who were desperate for alternative schools. † (Harmer, 114) They already get a good education from government schools. However, rural poor and inner-city children do not have that luxury. For example, in the city of Milwaukee, only 40% of freshman will eventually graduate from high school, and the average GPA for students is a D+. (McGroarty, 30) School choice plans would help these students the most. The people most involved in the education system are the ones who most easily realize the problems of government schools. The Wall Street Journal wrote that, â€Å"The California State Census Data Center, after analyzing the 1990 Census, found that about 18. 2% of the state's public school teachers send their children to private schools. That's nearly twice the statewide average for all households, which is 9. 7%† (Harmer, 28) College entrance exam scores have been dropping across the board, and the US often ranks dead last in international comparisons among industrialized nations. From 1960 to 1992, the average SAT score dropped 76 points. If one were to include the reenterings of the SAT test, scores would drop even further. (Harmer, 19) The landmark study by the National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk, claimed, â€Å"Each generation of Americans has outstripped its parents in education, in literacy, and in economic attainment. For the first time in the history of our country, the educational skills of one generation will not surpass, will not equal, will not even approach, those of their parents. † (Harmer, 25) In addition academic failure, public schools are failing to produce good citizens. According to a Tulane study, 20% of suburban high schooler's condoned shooting someone who had stolen something of theirs. (Harmer, 29) The answer, contrary to what many education reformers claim, is not to throw more money into schools. Only one nation in the entire world spends more money per student, per year than the US, Switzerland. Japan, whose schools consistently outperform those of the US, spends only half as much money per student. Accounting for inflation, per student expenditure has increased 40 percent since 1982, and has tripled since 1960. (Harmer, 38) The image of the â€Å"criminally-underfunded† public school is false. Class size has also failed to improve education. The pupil teacher ratio declined from 25. 8:1 in 1960 to 17. 3:1 in 1991. Even in urban public schools, the ratio is as low as 17. 9:1. (McGroarty, 16) The image of the over crowded inner city school is also false. There is no relationship between spending and educational achievement in grade schools. A recent comparison of per student expenditure and scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress tests by Forbes and Right Data Associates found the correlation coefficient for a linear relationship between spending and test scores to be 0. 12. (This value could range from -1 to 1, the closer the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is to 1, the stronger the relationship. ) (Brimelow, 52) Where does all the money go? In the LAUSD only 36 % of school funding is spent on teacher salaries, textbooks, and supplies. Thirty-one people are paid over $100,000 a year, only one of which is a teacher. Statewide in California, only 44 percent of the people employed by the school system are teachers. In the independent schools in California, 86 percent of school employees are teachers. (Harmer, 41-43) The situation is the same nationwide. Researcher Michael Fisher found that only 25. 7% of funds reach the classroom in Milwaukee schools. (McGroarty, 21) It is plain to see that throwing more money at schools and calling it reform won't help the situation. Leaders of the National Education Association and its statewide affiliates have done much of the campaigning against proposed school choice plans. They represent the only people who are set to lose because of school choice: the education bureaucrats. Their jobs will no longer be guaranteed by a government monopoly. Many people fear that schools supported by the new choice movements would be fly-by-night institutions that are out to make a profit, teach racial and religious discrimination, and condone violent behavior. However, legislative school choice efforts have placed regulations on independent schools. The Parental Choice in Education initiative in California contained the following items: (1) No school, which discriminates on the basis of race, ethnicity, color, or national origin, may redeem scholarships. (2) To the extent permitted by this Constitution and the Constitution of the United States. The State shall prevent from redeeming scholarships any school which advocates unlawful behavior; teaches hatred of any person or group on the basis of race, ethnicity, color, national origin, religion, or gender; or deliberately provides false or misleading information respecting the school. 3) No school with fewer than 25 students may redeem scholarships, unless the Legislature provides otherwise. These measures would prevent fraud and discrimination. School choice does not condone discrimination. Government already regulates private schools to some degree, and this would definitely not decrease with the use of vouchers. Too many people are under the opinion that private schools are all elite academies or preppy boarding schools, both of which charge admission the price of a college education. However, 95 percent of Catholic schools, and 88 percent of Protestant schools charge tuition under $2,500 a year. Robert Genetski said, â€Å"Average cost data for public and private education indicate that in 1990 the operating cost per student for kindergarten through grade 12 in public schools was $4,841, compared with private school costs of $1,902. † (Harmer, 76) The truth is that even the poorest of parents would be able to afford a private education with a school choice plan. In legislative efforts for choice in California, parents would receive a voucher for half the cost of public schools, which would completely cover the costs of many adequate private schools. It is true that the government would lose money by giving scholarships to students already attending private schools. However, the government gains money by losing new students to private schools, since only half of a students tax money follows the student. The students that leave after school choice is enacted would provide a pool of money that would more than cover current private school attendees. Furthermore, David Harmer, author of the Parental Choice in Education initiative and School Choice: Why You Need It, How You Get It, said that if he had to rewrite the initiative, he would include a measure that would phase in school choice. Each year one new grade would be allowed to participate, starting at Kindergarten, and ending with grade 12. No students currently in private schools would benefit from school choice. (Harmer, 178) Opponents of school choice fear that children with special needs would be left out in the cold, since private schools would deny them admission. However, special education is already dealt with by a voucher type system. Public schools cannot meet the needs of many children, so the government sends these children with special needs to private contractors, such as the local School for Contemporary Education. Children who have special needs are guaranteed an equivalent education by many state laws, and this would not change under a school choice plan. Edd Doerr wrote that, â€Å"Despite repeated and misleading claims to the contrary, vouchers are merely the latest in a long line of attempts by sectarian special interests to channel public money to church-related education institutions. (Doerr, et al, 37) He conjures up images of â€Å"government funded religious schools† that, horror of horrors, teach religion. However, the GI Bill is constitutional! If a student decides to spend money from the government on a religious education, it does not mean that the wall between church and state has come tumbling down. Today students use money from the GI Bill and Pell Grants at religious colleges without any problem. Voucher plans are the exact same thing, except with younger kids. George Bush even called his school choice plan the â€Å"GI Bill for Kids. To say that vouchers fund religious schools is to say that food stamps are government funding of supermarkets. As to cultural balkanization, school choice would not effect this at all. Religious or racial discrimination is not allowed. The claim that society is held together by a â€Å"common school experience† is a faulty argument. Schools exist to teach, not for the sake of existing. Americans respect diversity and freedom of opinion, but somehow a diversity of ideas in education seems anathema. Private schools send a higher percentage of students to college than do public schools. Their students perform better on standardized tests. They operate more cost efficiently. They are directly responsible to the parents of their students, while public schools pay more attention to school boards and administrators. Government schools have had a monopoly on children for far too long. Thanks to their efforts, one third of American seventeen-year-olds cannot locate France on a map of the world. Only one in ten can write a reasonable paragraph or do pre-college mathematics. Every citizen in America deserves a decent education. School choice can make it happen.