The Common Perception of Juvenile Offenders Essay

The Common Perception of Juvenile Offenders - Essay Example The Certain explanation behind it can't be recognized carefully. Probably such conduct is empowered with the generalizations, regular for police and members of the jury and is established in the past where the subjugation and convictions of blacks being not as smart as whites and significantly more forceful were wide-spread. Broad communications is additionally liable to impact such perspective, depicting the shrewd idea of Black adolescent wrongdoers and the misinformed at this point still honest nature of White adolescent offendersâ ». In this way taking shots at school submitted by a white juvenile would doubtlessly be portrayed as stunning, while same act submitted by a dark one - as expectable. There are no exceptional investigations of for reasons of adolescent legitimate segregation, however comparative tests were directed with grown-ups and brought about the hypothesis of closeness mercy, where individuals will in general show more compassion with ones whom they think about the same to their individual. That was not the principal analysis of a sort, still it was the first led so as to demonstrate the presence of racial preference coordinated onto shaded adolescents. The repression of African American adolescents all through the United States is irregular. The pace of adolescent repressions for quite a while has diminished, and subsequently the prevalence of captures of hued adolescents has gotten much increasingly self-evident. As per explores, shaded youth perpetrates more violations and is captured twice as regularly as white adolescents. All things considered, the other purpose behind such misbalance was likewise brought about by the distinction in mentality to dark or latin adolescents in contrast with white ones. It is bound with the one-sided demeanor as well as with the distinction in the existence conditions of adolescents that bring about stricter sentences. For instance under the law of Minnesota, a discipline for attempting rocks is four years of control, while attempting powdered cocaine drives just to probation period.

American History Essay Example for Free

American History Essay The mercantilist framework will inevitably be refered to as a purpose behind the American Revolution. Be that as it may, this was not generally the situation. Characterize the mercantilist framework and its consequences for the states before 1760. Additionally, clarify the underlying pioneer response to this system.| | The mercantilist framework was essentially a framework procured to have political authority over the economy, to limit imports that cost the country cash, and boost trades that made the country cash. The British and Parliament needed and made guidelines on everything in the new provinces. They directed everything from wages and horticulture dies down. They were illegal to set up duty hindrances so as to shield themselves from provincial businesses. The mercantilist framework was an administrative framework established to save control and benefits of the new states for the homelands advantage. The mercantilist framework on the states was to ensure that specific merchandise must be transport to England, and to deny different countries from working together in the English provinces. This brought about a rundown of specified products that were just permitted to be shipped to England. The rundown comprised of results of the southern slave states, the northern Indian exchange, and basic items for providing the transportation business. The items were: sugar, molasses, rum, tobacco, rice, indigo, hides, pelt, skins, pine poles, tar, pitch, sap, and turpentine. These things were to be moved distinctly by English vessel to England. The English additionally attempted to uphold different restrictions, which brought about a progression of institutions including the Wool Act of 1699, the Hat Act of 1732, and the Iron Act of 1750. The executive supported remiss implementation of the assembling rules in the provinces, to a limited extent since they had their own viable frameworks, and thus, pilgrims and British merchants appreciated riches created by slave work, another thriving and sentiment of generosity that would go on until the 1760s (Faragher, 2009).

Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topicWhy is it important

Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topicWhy is it important Critique The Student Author Anil Toraty on topic:Why is it important for leader performance achievement to be measured reported â€" Assignment Example > Measuring and Reporting Leaders’ Performance and Achievement Measuring and Reporting Leaders’ Performance and Achievement Organizations that perform well usually develop and set out effective performance measurement for its leaders. Performance measurement helps an organization in evaluating their programs, processes and employees. Key performance indicators evaluate progress of programs and processes for achieving an organization’s goals and objectives. The paper provides a critical analysis of the work of Anil Toraty on the reasons for carrying out performance and achievement measurement in an organization. Anil approaches the topic with a focus on three major areas that include measurement, reporting and importance of performance and achievement to leaders. Measurement of Performance and Achievement Anil fails to introduce the topic under discussion. A brief paragraph should introduce the topic and extensively expound on it, which gives the reader an insight on what the paper presents. The introduction used in this critique offers a suggestion on how to introduce the topic on performance and achievement measurement. It is prudent to discuss the subtopics only after introducing the main topic. The reader is unable to link the idea of measuring performance with the topic under discussion at this stage. Poor referencing appears in the second sentence of the introductory section. A good suggestion could be that Mitzberg, Kotter and Spitzer extensively wrote on the importance of conducting performance measurement within business organizations. Anil does not give a clear explanation of how measuring the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) makes performance visible. First, there should be an explanation on what Key Performance Indicators are. According to Spitzer (2007, p. 40), KPIs ar e precise measurements reflecting the critical success factor of business. KPIs vary depending on the organization, and are usually long-term. Instead of just making shallow statement that KPIs make performance visible, a brief discussion on functions of KPIs is appropriate. KPIs provide business leaders with measurable standards that they can use to track the progress and implement changes in an organization (Frederickson Frederickson 2006, p. 39). KPIs find their use mostly when businesses perform strategic planning. In the process of carrying out strategic planning, KPIs helps to benchmark the business’ current performance. Even though the preceding sentences attempt to elaborate more on the significance of performance measurement, Anil does not give proper explanation on this area. Measuring performance benefits the business in many ways. First, it helps in identifying if the business is meeting the needs of customers (Spitzer 2007, p. 58). Second, it helps in understanding the processes in an organization, which then can make chief executive officers to be aware of problems in an organization. In addition, performance measurement points out areas that need improvement, hence ensures accomplishment of organizational goal and objectives. Anil’s paper fails to address measurement of achievement. The first section only discuses measurement of performance, but it should to be in one section. Addressing measurement of achievement gives a comparison between the two in terms of their significance in a business organization. According to Marshall and Marshall, 2011, measuring achievement bases on the results of business processes (p. 18). Therefore, measuring achievement helps an organization identify accomplished goals and objectives. Reporting of Performance and Achievement A detailed discussion is evident in the section of reporting performance and achievement. The section shows facts on every detail. Moreover, Anil uses Harvard Business Review to enhance the reader’s understanding of reporting leader’s performance and achievement. Reporting leader’s performance and achievements involve listing the names of top managers and other executive officers of a different organization (Marshall Marshall 2011, p. 10). There are establishments that specifically do this work, for instance the Harvard Business Review as outlined in Anil’s paper. Although Anil’s discussion on this section is good, purpose for reporting leader’s performance does not come out clearly. Anil, should state that reporting leader’s performance and achievement is mainly to motivate the best performing executive officers in an organization. Individuals feel motivated if they receive appreciation for a job well done. Importance of Measuring and Reporting Leader’s Performance The final section of the paper is equally good and gives a detailed explanation on the importance of measuring and reporting performance and achievement in an organization. However, the paper ought to provide further explanations on how measuring and reporting leader’s performance help in the formulation of organizational visions and goals (Institute of Medicine 2006, p. 329). Leaders with demonstrated managerial skills can formulate goals and objectives to ensure success of the business. It is important to discuss that measuring leader’ performance acts to motivate them to continue striving and maintain the high operation standards already established. The content of Anil’s paper is relatively exhaustive on discussing the topic of measuring and reporting of leaders’ performance with an organization. In addition, there are instances of improper referencing in Anil’s paper as criticized above. Bibliography Frederickson, D Frederickson, G 2006, Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State, Georgetown University Press, Washington. Institute of Medicine 2006,  Performance Measurement: Accelerating Improvement, National Academies Press, Washington D. C. Marshall, E. Marshall, E 2011, Transformational Leadership in Nursing: From Expert Clinician to Influential Leader, Springer, New York. Spitzer, D 2007,  Transforming Performance Measurement: Rethinking the Way We Measure and Drive Organizational Success, Amacom, New York.

The fantastic voyage of the digestive system Essay

Once again we have been miniaturized in the submarine to continue the fantastic voyage of the digestive system. We will be touring a 55-year-old male. The host will be having a hamburger, French fries, and a root beer. We will be tracing lunch through the digestion process. Digestion is the process of turning the food that is ate into energy needed to survive and involves creating waste to be eliminated. (Mohan, 2010). The digestive tract is a long twisting tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, called the alimentary canal. The wall of this tube is fashioned of four layers of tissue. The layers are listed from the inside coat to the outside coat: mucosa or mucus membrane, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The hollow space†¦show more content†¦As you can see, it is a tubelike structure made of muscle and lined with mucous membrane. The pharynx functions as part of the respiratory and digestive system because it is located behind the nasal cavities and the mouth . It is the structure that we refer to as the throat. It is about twelve and a half centimeters long and consists of three parts; the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. (Anatomy.tv, n.d.) The esophagus branches off of the pharynx which carries food to the stomach. Swallowing takes place in the pharynx partly as a reflex and partly under voluntary control. The tongue and soft palate pushes food into the pharynx, which closes off the trachea. The food then enters the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach. . (Mohan, 2010). It is about 25 centimeters long. The production of mucus by glands in the mucosal lining as you can see lubricates the tube to permit easier passage of food moving toward the stomach. (Thibodeau Patton, 2008). Food is pushed through the esophagus and into the stomach by a series of contractions called peristalsis. The lower esophageal sphincter is just before the opening to the stomach. It opens to let f ood pass into the stomach and closes to keep it there. (Mohan, 2010). The stomach is a sac-like organ with strong muscular walls that lies in the upper abdominal cavity just under the diaphragm. The stomach looks small after it is emptied, but it expandsShow MoreRelatedFantastic Voyage aP Ii Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesFantastic Voyage Unit 9 Project Anatomy and Physiology II Fantastic Voyage. Once again my mini-sub and I will be miniaturized (8 microns long) and witnessing another ‘Fantastic Voyage’ in a human body. This time I will be swallowed by George, a 55 years old man, while he is eating his meal consisting of a hamburger, French fries and a soda. I will pilot my mini-sub through George’s GI (gastrointestinal tract), which is the tube that starts with the mouth and proceeds to the esophagus, stomachRead MoreA Tour of the Human Body1846 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Welcome to our Fantastic Voyage! On this journey, we will explore how nutrients are consumed and passed through the human body before they are finally expelled. This journey will take us through the digestive, circulatory, and digestive systems. Our journey will begin after we enter our male test subjects system by inconspicuously entering the digestive system as part of his delicious, all-American meal consisting of a juicy hamburger, crispy french fries, and an ice-cold root beer. Our tourRead MoreFantastic Voyage Into the Human Body1547 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The human body is a fascinating organism with a multiplicity of complex systems working together to ensure the health of the individual. Join us as we take a Fantastic Voyage through our healthy, 55-year old male subject to witness how nutrients are ingested and passed through the body. During this journey, we will pass through the digestive, circulatory, and digestive systems to better understand how the body receives nutrients, how they are broken down, and finally, how they are expelled fromRead MoreAnatomy of Digestive, Circulatory, and Urinary Systems1398 Words   |  6 PagesA Fantastic Voyage Anatomy of Digestive, Circulatory Urinary Systems This is me, Beth Cooper. I have been shrunk again to the size of 8 microns only. In my mini-sub, I am now entering into the mouth of a 55 years old man. He just had a lot of junk food including Hamburger, French Fries and Root beer (which is my carrier as well). It is amazing to see that the digestion process has already started in the mouth of this man. The food has been broken down in to swallow able portions during chewing

Teenage Smoking Essay - 1348 Words

Teenage Smoking When I went to visit my grandmother in the hospital, she was critically ill. I heard the doctor say that she would have a much better chance of survival if she had not been a smoker most of her life. I made the decision then that I would not smoke. Every day more than 3,000 teenagers become regular smokers. That number translates to more than 1 million teenagers a year. About one third of them will eventually die from a tobacco-related disease. Cigarettes kill more than 400,000 Americans every year. A person who smokes a pack or more of cigarettes each day will live about seven fewer years than a nonsmoker. Further, smoking hurts young peoples physical performance and endurance. Smoking in young people can†¦show more content†¦Another cause of the increase in smoking among teenagers is the fact that teens are made to believe that smoking is cool. Our teenage years are a time when we are unsure of ourselves and have a great deal of peer pressure put on us to fit in. The tobacco industry knows this, and bombard teens with advertisements and billboards that encourage smoking. These advertisements and billboards illustrate that if we smoke we will fit in and have more friends. Cigarette advertisers also try to demonstrate that women who smoke are sexy, men are manly, and that smokers have fun and lots of friends. In order to counter all this false advertising, there should be an promotional campaign that portrays the disgusting aspects of smoking. The advertising should show a cigarette hanging out of a woman’s mouth and describe how repugnant the woman smells from the cigarette smoke. Another solution would be to ban all cigarette smoking in movies so that teens are not given the message that if they want to look like a movie star, smoke. Furthermore, cigarettes are easily accessible to teens, and so it is the parents’ duty to talk to their children and set an example. Parents who are involved and show interest in their teen’s life can help to prevent the teen from smoking. Teens who are not close to a parent are at a greater risk to succumb to peer pressure. They may feel that they have no one to talk toShow MoreRelatedTeenage Smoking2168 Words   |  9 PagesTeenage Smoking Cigarette smoking is a habit that kills approximately million of people per year. It is surprisingly being picked up by countless amounts of children every day. Smoking becomes a growing trend in the youth community. The number of young smokers has been increasing in most American middle schools and high schools. Both girls and boys are smoking because they think it is cool. Many of them will take this their trend and carry it for their adulthood. The four reasons that causeRead MoreTeenage Addiction to Smoking1498 Words   |  6 Pagesgenerations, addiction to smoking cigarettes is staggering. Smoking has taken an enormous toll on the minds and health of young teens around the world. Teenage smoking is an epidemic that has derives from several causes. Smoking in young teens has become more common this day in age. Smoking in young teens is most commonly brought about by peer pressure. According to an article Teenage Smoking, â€Å"At no other time in life is peer pressure stronger than during the teenage years. Teens want to fit inRead MoreThe Dangers Of Teenage Smoking Awareness987 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage smoking awareness Old retired Grandpa lives with his family and takes care of all the family members as being the oldest member. He is a guidance to all his children. He had work for their local council before retirement for more then a decade. In the family he is the one that is very well aware Laws He is involved in making decision for the family. It had been about three years since his grandson had entered high school and he would casually ask for his grandson’s progress at school andRead MoreInfluential Factors of Teenage Smoking695 Words   |  3 Pagesamount of money Americans spend towards curing a smoking related disease is relatively near ninety-six dollars a year. Smoking is a process where tobacco is inhaled orally. Traditionally, people who smoke being doing so because of constant tobacco advertising and areas where tobacco is publically sold. Teenagers usually start smoking cigarettes because of multiple factors influencing society. In order for teenagers to realize what effects s moking has on the body, society must create ways for theRead More Teenage Smoking in Canada Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a society where it is not unusual to see a ten year old child smoking a cigarette in public, where large tobacco companies sponsor all big sporting events and where smoking advertisements are everywhere you look, how can it be understood that what is going on is a form of suicide. Smoking is comparable to a serial killer; a cigarette acts as the weapon used by tobacco companies and its victims subjecting themselves by their own free will to participate in the crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The governmentsRead MoreEssay A Review of Qualitative Research on Teenage Smoking Habits6156 Words   |  25 PagesA Review of Qualitative Research on Teenage Smoking Habits Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V-O103 Introduction to Nursing Research September 20, 2012 Introduction The purpose of this document is to summarize the contents of the research article, explain the research methods implemented, and offer insight on how the findings contribute to nursing practice. Second, there will be an explanation of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research. Finally, the source documentRead MoreTeenage Smoking In Teenagers886 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking in teenagers has been a topic of conversion for years. Should it be legal, illegal? Should there be an age requirement? Teenagers do what they want, and smoking is part of that. Most teenagers have taken in the consequences of smoking and its effects. Smoking isn’t a problem with teenagers anymore because most of them have had classes about smoking, the price has risen, and it has horrible effects to your body. The first reason why smoking isn’t a problem among teens is they care aboutRead MoreEffects Of Teenage Smoking Among Teenagers799 Words   |  4 Pages Let’s start off with the background of smoking. Tobacco has been used ever since 5000 BC in the Peruvian Andes. Moving on to more recent times, James Bonsack invented smoking in 1865. Commercials about smoking were made that year. In 1881, Bonsack invented the cigarette-making machine, popularizing smoking. Cigarettes were mostly sold to men in World War 1 2. By 1944, 300 billion cigarettes were being produced per year. In 1964, the Surgeon General of the U.S. said that cigarettes hadRead MoreTelevision And The Internet Advertising1427 Words   |  6 Pages The two ads are trying to warn the people against smoking weed. The office of the National Drug Control Policy advertisement uses pathos strategy in appealing to the reader s emotions. The ‘above the influence advertisement uses ethos by the making the audience feel that they are viewing information from a reliable source hence they feel connected to the advertisement. The advertisements show the effects of smoking marijuana on individuals and the people surrounding them. HoweverRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?890 Words   |  4 Pagessafety grants addressing marijuana, and preventing damage to the environment resulting from illegal marijuana production. Proposition 64 legalized permitting smoking marijuana in a private home, or at a business that has been licensed for on-site marijuana consumption. Although smoking while driving, in all public places, and anywhere smoking tobacco is, has remained illegal. Along with, possession on school grounds, daycare center, or y outh center where children are present. For businesses to sell

Counseling theory Free Essays

Rational-emotive therapy stresses the ability of the clients to think on their own and change by making good judgments and taking action. Rational-emotive therapists believed that the problems of the clients are rooted in childhood and in their belief system, which was formed during childhood. The counseling involves method solving and dealing with emotional problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The counselor assist the client eliminates self-defeating outlooks and perceive life in a rational manner. According to Patrick PK. (2007) rational emotive therapist believed that cognition, and emotion are not incongruent human aspects but are basically, integrated and holistic. In fact, this aspect is marching with other cognitive-behavioral aspects. Some of the strengths of rational-emotive and its application is its simplicity. Rational-emotive takes into consideration development levels as significant when dealing with patients, moreover, rational-emotive therapy have absence of moral perspectives. Rational-emotive therapy is important for counseling profession. Its effectiveness, short-term aspect and low cost are the reasons for its attractiveness. The reality therapist assist the client controls the world around them and satisfy their individual’s needs. The therapists believe that the client can change their life for the better. The therapy looks at the what and the why actions of the clients. Emotional problem is a result of client’s perception and feelings. Reality therapy is thus based on the aspect that client accept the past and begin to behave in a responsible manner. Reality teaches the client a better ways of living and become more effective in satisfying their needs. 2. Existential – humanistic tradition Existential therapy is based on freedom of choice in changing one’s life. The therapists believe that the individuals are responsible in shaping their own life and a need for self- awareness. The therapy focuses at the present and at the future life of an individual. The therapists help the client recognize their freedom and perceive their possibilities of their future. They assist the client recognize their responsiveness of the future events. The therapy is well suited to assist the client make good choices affecting their lives. The theory is based on the following core aspects: contact, open participation of each other and mutual influence; genuineness, to be reliable, harmonious, human and transparent; unconditional positive regard, accepting individual’s being despite of his or her behavior; and empathy; understanding the moment experience of an individual. Other basic aspects of human conditions in existentialist approach include capacity for self-awareness, the freedom and responsibility tension, the identity creation and the establishment of effective relationships and the recognizing distress as living conditions. The existentialists uphold that person ability for self-consciousness provides them freedom possibilities as well as recognizing that they are finite and have limited time. Thus individuals are free to choose the available alternatives in living and have an effective responsibility to shape their personal destinies. The result of our choice is based on the way we live and hence individuals should be responsible in directing their lives. The existential therapy focuses at helping clients to reflect on life, identify alternatives and chose the best alternatives. The therapists aimed at making people become aware of how to acknowledge situations and take control so as to shape their lives by looking for options that can create a meaningful life. 3. Logotherapy and gestalt therapy The main aspects of the logotheraphy are based on its need to consider person in their irreducible wholeness, as subjects endowed with values and presenting existential thematic that cannot be dealt with by purely psychological means. Logotherapy therapy begins with the soul and has a true intuitive consciousness and an invariable internationality towards individual’s values. Hence, during therapy, themes that are relating to the meaning of life are placed at the heart of counseling intervention and human behavior guided to search for meaning and existential truth in all of its diverse manifestations. Therapist therefore contrasts various human forms of irresponsibility and led the clients towards the recognition of various possibilities and freedoms inherent in their choices. The therapy provides specific forms of intervention, which include self-transcendence and self-detachment. Everyone experiences moments in life may be considered normal and not really require any attention. However, individual may cope with this experience by forcing the circumstances but only to become knotted in a mesh. To overcome the situation, this therapy used the dereflection method, based on the intentionality concept. Gestalt therapy conversely incorporates the body and mind aspects, by emphasizing consciousness and integration. Incorporation of behavior, feelings and perception is main aspect in the Gestalt therapy. Patients are perceived as being able to recognize how the impacts of the previous life could change their life. The therapist assist the client realizes their personal responsibilities, avoiding problems; experience thins in a constructive manner and in a present awareness. The therapy lead the client have awareness of every moment in their life experience and challenge the client to accept to take care of themselves instead of others doing for them. 4. Multicultural therapy Multicultural therapy is counseling that involves clients from differing racial, ethnic, and cultural groups and, thus, multicultural clients refer to clients from minority populations. It is significant to include cultural aspects when dealing with multicultural clients. Incorporating cultural variables in the therapeutic process requires one to be literate in ethnic and cultural information. Eliciting cultural information from clients allows the counselor to work with many diverse clients without having to become experts on particular ethnic groups. Hence, counselors must recognize the necessity of ethnic knowledge and cultural information elicited in conversations with clients. Multicultural therapist share common aspects, which include exploring client’s worldview, considering the role of acculturation, and taking additional roles. Exploring clients’ worldviews is a fundamental part of multicultural therapy. Therapists must find out the similarity and differences of the client’s value system from the country of origin as well as system in the destination country. Exploration enables counselors to get information concerning how the clients view themselves after being exposed to new cultures. Acculturation is a vital aspect in exploring cultural issues. It is adjustment in which individuals from other culture are subjected to when entering a new culture. Therapist must look at the adaptative strategy that clients are deducing during therapy to assess accurately their level of acculturation. The clients should be encouraged to adjust the old rules for the actual consideration of the current situations. Lastly, when dealing with clients of minority cultures, the counselors are encouraged to take on additional rules. These include changing the idea of counseling as visualized and institutionalized in this county and enfold further styles of intervention. Such addition includes consulting help agencies and elucidating process and laws unusual to the client (Patrick, 2007). Reference: Patrick PK. (2007). Internet counseling: trend, application ethical issues. In: Patrick PK (ed). Contemporary Issues in therapy. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. How to cite Counseling theory, Papers

Operations Management Developing Disaster Resilient

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Developing Disaster Resilient. Answer: Introduction Operations management plan is a key factor for providing relief services during the cyclones in Northern Queensland. The paper has been developed to plan the preparatory measures that must be taken prior to the cyclone period to get ready for the future uncertainties and manage natural disasters (Oh et al., 2014). The primary objective of the study is to prepare a disaster management plan considering the supply chain management principles, inventory management system and technology tracking of infrastructure resources. Furthermore, the report presents an action plan for conducting the activities during the two months period prior to the cyclones in Far Northern Queensland. Preparatory Measures During emergency management plan, the preparatory measures have been identified as one of the most obvious things to be considered. Due to the cyclonic conditions during the monsoon season in North Queensland, it is the responsibility of the Operations Manager of Emergency Services to work out adequate rapid response facilities (Morken and Johansen, 2013). Meanwhile, the major role of the rapid action plan will be to reduce the common hazards that can be taken place during the cyclonic season. In the preliminary planning, risk ranking has been recognised as one of the most significant sections. Through the identification of the most badly hit areas, sufficient resourcing control must have been orderly processed (Heizer and Render, 2014). According to the scenario, rapid response team must be arranged to clear out the debris and recover the people. By anticipating the potential risks and hazards aftermath of the cyclonic condition, high-degree of communication channel must be developed. Thus, emergency services, medical health and other response facilities can be made available to the common public. Herein, sufficient training and testing of the equipment must be appropriately verified before the cyclonic condition so that rapid response team can act according to the plan without any further delay (Petitjean, Mougeolle and Meyran, 2011). Moreover, incident assessment and comprehensive communication facilities must be developed to provide help to the common people. Disaster Management Plan Inventory Management Inventory management is the key factor for the success of a disaster management plan. It is important for the Queensland Emergency Services to conduct a resource analysis to know what sort of inventory is needed to provide rapid response to alleviate community hardship (Petitjean, Mougeolle and Meyran, 2011). Along with that, the government organisation needs to prepare small inventories at different locations near the cyclone prone zone to provide quick services or Just-In-Time services taking help of the local NGOs and government bodies (Payne, 2009). The organisation needs to develop a disaster management team that will take care of the needs of the inventories in different locations and contact with the head office to have all resources prepared before the cyclone period. Logistic Management During the cyclonic conditions, active logistics management can help the affected people to get rid of the calamity as early as possible. In order to identify the most significant supply chain management for the task, the seven principles of supply chain management can be taken into consideration (Clogstoun, Trewin and Bosworth, 2006). First of the all, identifying the need for the segment, sufficient services and facilities must be provided to the public. Secondly, customising the best logistics network, efficient services have to be delivered to the target audience. Thirdly, during the resource allocation, the demand has to be aligned according to the severity level. Fourthly, customer-based supply chain management must be delivered to gratify the need of the target demographics (Clark, 2006). Next, resources have to be managed in a strategic way so that it can be delivered across the area. Furthermore, the technological strategy must be developed to facilitate the decision-making process of the supply chain. Last but not the least; the monitoring of the logistic system must be done to verify the collective success of the logistics management (Watson, 2013). Technology Tracking of Infrastructure resources In the contemporary system of emergency management, technology has influenced the networking of rapid action team, to say the least. Moreover, modern technology has provided the most sustainable communication channels to be utilised during the rapid response tactics (Oh et al., 2014). Furthermore, the infrastructural damage happened during the cyclonic events can be quickly modified with the help of modern heavy engineering technology. Most importantly, technology has let the administrator know about the worst affecting areas before the beginning of the event. Hence, the Operations Manager of the rapid response team can shift the mass public from this field to a safer place. Thus, the chances of physical damage have been reduced to some extent (Alzaghal, 2010). Moreover, modern technology has played a major part in the inventory management to predict the sufficient inventory to be required for a large group of people. Apparently, the technology has changed the overall functionality s tandards of the operations management during the crisis scenario (Walle, Turoff and Hiltz, 2010). Action Plan The action plan for disaster management prior to the cyclone period for upcoming two months has been presented in the table given below: Two Months Action Plan for Disaster Management prior to Cyclone Period Milestones Activities Responsible Person Timeframe Recommendations Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan Risk Assessment Operations Manager and Team Nov 1 - Nov 05 There is a need of risk assessment that must be conducted to by observing the previous years losses using the historic data (Walle, Turoff and Hiltz, 2010). Along with that, the forecast of the weather department must be considered to analyse the future uncertainties. Contingency Plan Operations Manager and Team Nov 6 - Nov 15 After preparing the risk assessment report there is a need of contingency plan that will be executed during the cyclone period (Walle, Turoff and Hiltz, 2010). Supply Chain Management Inventory Management Plan Operations Manager and Team Nov 16 - Nov 30 There is a need of inventory management plan that will be executed during the cyclone period. Along with that, the Queensland Emergency Services must store some inventory prior to the cyclone period and keep it spread in different distribution centres to reduce the hardship of the community (Walle, Turoff and Hiltz, 2010). Supplier Management Plan Operations Manager and Team Nov 16 - Nov 30 The organisation must develop good relationship with local suppliers to provide the relief services during the cyclone period (Walle, Turoff and Hiltz, 2010). It helps to spread the inventory all across the region. Logistics Management Plan Operations Manager and Team Nov 16 - Nov 30 All emergency service vehicles must be checked prior to the cyclone period and kept ready for the emergency services. Along with that, the support of local NGOs and common public can be taken to provide relief services (Rheem et al., 2016). Hazard Management Plan Hazard Assessment Emergency service ministry Dec 1 - Dec 5 Hazard assessment will be conducted considering the historic data and technology tracking of infrastructure resources (Rheem et al., 2016). Hazard mitigation Plan Emergency service ministry Dec 6 - Dec 10 A hazard mitigation plan will be prepared as per the hazard assessment report (Rheem et al., 2016). Safety Training for local people Educational training Operations Manager and Team Dec 11 - Dec 31 Educational training regards to health and safety must be provided to high alert zones to save the life of people (Yamamoto, 2013). Social Media Awareness Media Department Dec 11 - Dec 31 Social media can be used to provide training and alert local people. Conclusion The role of the Operations Manager of the Queensland Emergency Services has determined the survival chances of common public avoiding the common hazards to be faced. Admittedly, the activities prior to the cyclonic condition have verified how the rapid response team will perform during the crisis management. Precisely, the most significant preparatory measures, logistic management channels and systematic utilisation of technology have increased the productivity of the emergency management. Most of all, it is the common public that can play the major role to make the operations management a success during emergency circumstances. References Alzaghal, M. (2010).Emergency communications interoperability for disaster management. 1st ed. Saarbru?cken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. Clark, (2006). On Developing Disaster Resilient Communications Infrastructure.Marine Technology Society Journal, 40(4). Clogstoun, R., Trewin, R. and Bosworth, M. (2006). Would Emergency Safeguard Measures Work for Services?.Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 20(2), pp.56-69. Heizer, J. and Render, B. (2014).Operations management. 1st ed. Boston: Prentice Hall. Morken, T. and Johansen, I. (2013). Safety measures to prevent workplace violence in emergency primary care centresa cross-sectional study.BMC Health Services Research, 13(1). Oh, E., Kim, K., Kim, K., Kim, J. and Cho, J. (2014). Development Strategy of Infrastructure Risk Assessment Based Disaster Response and Management System.World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 02(03), pp.27-35. Payne, C. (2009). Contingency plan exercises.Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 8(2), pp.111-117. Petitjean, F., Mougeolle, C. and Meyran, D. (2011). Crisis Management: A Possible Improvised Operational Approach.Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 16(S1), pp.S54-S55. Rheem, S., Choi, W., Kwak, C. and Oh, K. (2016). A Cooperative Emergency Response System based on the Disaster Response Activity Plan.Crisis and Emergency Management, 12(4), pp.1-15. Walle, B., Turoff, M. and Hiltz, S. (2010).Information systems for emergency management. 1st ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Watson, M. (2013).Supply chain network design. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. Yamamoto, S. (2013).Human interface and the management of information. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.

What Is Romeo and Julliet about Essay Example

What Is Romeo and Julliet about Essay Most people know that Romeo and Julliet is a love play. They know that Romeo and Julliet meet and fall in love. Most people know that in the end Romeo and Julliet commite suicide because they cant be together forever so they feel they have to die. In the prolouge it tells us what will happen in very brief details but doesnt say they play ends in a tragedy. The prolouge tells us of a ancient grudge between two familys which turns even more bitter during the play becuase of what happens to Romeo and Julliet. The prolouge also says A pair of star crossed lovers take thier lives. This means the two lovers commite suicide. This is like fate becuase star crossed is like they where destined to be together. The prlouge tells us enough infomation to make us want to read it because you feel curious and you want to know what happens, if you dont already know. We first see the consequences of the ancient grudge in act1 scene 1 when Sampson and Gregory are joking about in the street. When the two men are jokeing about and Abram a Capulet enters onto the scene. Sampson turns to Gregory and says I will bite my thumb at them. Biting your thumb in shakesperes times was like swearing today and would of been taken as a insult. Abram did take it as a insult and they started fighting. Benvolio (a Capulte) was trying to make peace and stopped the fighting by saying Part you fools and getting his sword out and putting the fighters swords to the floor. Tybalt ( Julliets cousin) enters and Says What drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, As i hate hell and all montagues. These are strong words and a massive brawl involving all the Capulets and Montagues brakes out. The fight brakes out over such a little manor and it was started by Sampson and Gregory. If Sampson wouldnt of biten his thumb at Abram then the fight would not of broken out in the fir st place. I think Sampson was trying to be all matcho but failed misrably because he chickened out in the fight and was really scared. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Romeo and Julliet about specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Romeo and Julliet about specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Romeo and Julliet about specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Everyone is ready for a fight apart from Benvolio. He trys to make the peace and stop what a fight happening. Benvolios character is portrayed as a peacefull young man and he would of made of trouce if it was not for Tybalt entering and provoking a brawl. My first impressions of Tybalt are that of a hatred, sick and rather uptight person in the Baz Luhram film but in the Zefferelli i think that Tybalt is more of a rich tofty person trying to out do everyone else and failing. He is rather matcho and wants to kill montagues so his family name can be strong. Tybalt says As i hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. These are rather strong lines and are powerfull to hear. If you would of heard that and you where a Montague you would of wanted to kill him and that is how the huge brawl erupted again. A actor playing Tybalt should say those lines in a powefull, slow, dark tone of voice. If the actor was close to another character staring at them saying them lines, Tybalt would come across as a sinister, evil person. Lord Capulet and Lord Montague try to join in the brawl but there wifes do not let them. Lord capulet says to his wife Give me my long sword ho!. Lord capulet wanted to join in the fight but his wife would not let him. This is shown well in the Baz Luhram film because they are driving along and Lord capulet wants his gun and Lady capulet blocks him from it. Lord Montague enters and says thou villian Capulet!- Hold me not, let me go. I think they are both rather sad becuase they are ment to be the heads of the family and they take orders from there wifes. Personnally i think they were both scared. This scene was best shown in the Zeffereli film because they where using swords and it looked quite authentic and showed the scenes true nature. Prince Escaluss men enter and try to stop the fight and pull the Capulets and Montagues apart. When Prince escalus delivers his speach he is even to both houses and says If you disturb our streets again, Your lives will pay for the forfiet. I think the Prince is doing a good job because he is trying to make the town a friendly place to live for all the non house hold people and if the only way he can do it is threatening the Capulets and Montagues then im all for it. It is hardfor Prince Escalus to control the violence of the ancient grudge becuase it stems so far back in both familys and each member of the house holds as been brought up to hate the oppsite house hold and Prince Escalus does a good job in trying to control it. The Capulets and Monatgues do not keep to Prince Escaluss word becuase in act 3 scene 1 Mercutio, Tybalt and Romeo all fight in the street becuase Romeo gate crashed the Capulets party. Act 3 scence 1 starts off by Mercutio and the Montague boys relaxing and joking about. Tybalt and the Caplute gang enter looking for Romeo. Romeo walks in and tybalt says to him Thou arta villain. This is a rather strong way to bring Tybalts character across because He uses such hatefull and strong words which shows his true hate for Monatgues. Romeo turns to Tybalt and says the reason that i have to love thee. Doth much excuse the aparting rage. Romeo is tryign to make friends with Tybalt because he has married Julliet but no-one else knows, Tybalt on the other hand thinks Romeo is mocking him and starts a fight. This scene is best shown in Baz Luhrams modern film because after Romeo has delivered the speach he sticks out his hand wanting to shake hands with Tybalt and Tybalt pushs him away. Tybalt asks Romeo to draw. Tybalt wants a shot off with Romeo becuase Tybalt feels that Romeo has dis-honoured the Capulet name. In the Bez Luhram film Romeo walks away and Tybalt chases after him and starts beating him. I think this a good directors desition because it shows hate and love in equal aspects. Mercutio sees Romeo getting beaten up so he goes and fights Tybalt and Tybalt kills Mercutio. When Mercutio gets hurt he says A plague aboth your houses. I think that Mercutio was one of the only people to see that the ancient grudge was nothing more than a silly argument and people are dieing because of it, Mercutio died because of it. After Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo is so Tromatised about his best friends death that he chases after Tybalt and kills him. This is silly because Tybalt would of been killed because of what Prince Ecalus said but Romeo was so badly in raged he went and killed him to get back his best friends honour. Mercutio and Tybalt get into a fight because Mercutio makes fun off Tybalt and the other capulets. I blaim Mercutio because if he wouldnt of said anything to Tybalt then he might not of got killed. Romeo enters before Mercutio and Tybalt start to get physical. Romeo doesnt start fighting because he doesnt want to fight becuase he has just got married but Tybalt wants to fight him and trys to fight Romeo but Romeo just takes the beating. Romeo says Villian am i none..Tybalt, the reason that i have to love thee, doth much excuse the greeting. Romeo says this because he has just got married to Julliet and is realted to Tybalt by marrage now. Romeo didnt want to fight Tybalt but Tybalt wanted to kill Romeo. Romeo couldnt tell Tybalt that he had married Julliet because Romeo and Julliet couldnt tell anyone they were married yet. I think that if Romeo would of told Tybalt that he had married Julliet then Tybalt might not of wanted to fight him because Romeo was now part of Tbalts family. Romeo is a peacefull character but his best friend mercutio ends up dead trying to protect him. When tybalt asks Romeo for a dual and Romeo walks away and Tybalt beats him up, Mercutio goes and pulls Tybalt away but Tybalt kills him. Romeo wasnt the reason that Mercutio got killed, he got killed helping out his best friend. You first see Romeos anger once Mercutio gets killed. He feels distrsaught but has to keep his friends honour and goes and kills Tybalt. In Baz lurham film Romeos anger is portrayed very will and he goes chasing him about in his car and shots him with his kind. In Zefferelli films once Mercutio has been killed Romeo runs after him. I think this doesnt show his anger as well as the modern day film because it doesnt portray his anger enough clearly. I think Romeo shows love for mercutio by killing tybalt because he wanted to avenge his friends life and he fault the only way he could do it was to kill Tybalt. I think if Romeo had been cool then he would of realised that Tybalt would of been excuted for killing Mercutio but by Romeo killing Tybalt he has got himself into alot of trouble. When Romeo first comes onto the scene in act 3 scene 1 he is really happy and hasnt got a care in the world other than his love for julliet, but when Mercutio gets killed he is deeply distraught and is in rage hence why he kills Tybalt. If Romeo is found guilty of killing Tybalt he will either get killed or something of the same concequences. Romeo killing Tybalt will have a a huge effect on the capulets and will damge his chances of seeing Julliet. Prince esalus banished Romeo from Verone for killing Tybalt and will never see Julliet again. This must of been devistating for Romeo because his wife who he only married twenty four hours ago will never see him again and he must of deeply hurt. Romeo killing Tybalt will make the 2ancient grudge ever so more hatefull and bigger becuase Tybalt was a very important member of the Capulter family and they might feel hard doen by because Romeo hadnt been excuted for killing Tybalt and will make things even more harder than they all ready are. During the play you do not see Romeo being violent or aggresive because he is not that sort of person he is a romantic and he belives that you do not need to fight and sits down and talks about problems. You nearly allways see Romeo expressing love and tendernous because at the start of the play he is madly in love with Rosaline and he is dreamy and has not got a care in the world other than being with her. Romeo is unhappy in love because every girl he meets he cannot be with so he writes his feelings down through poetry in his book. Benvolio says to Romeo in love? and Romeo replys out . this is symbolic because Romeo loves Rosaline and he cant be with her so he feels sick. Romeo does not cope very well with rejection because he is over come with emotion and cant do anything becuase he feels so bad. In the modern Baz Luhrmann film you see Romeo at the beach being dozy and sad. I think this is effective becuase it gets Romeos over to the viewer. Romeo only goes to the Capulets bal l to see Rosaline but he meets a beutifully lady in Julliet and just like that Rosaline doent exsit any more and he instantly falls in love with Julliet. Romeo uses words like tender , saint , kiss and dear to get over his amedit attraction for julliet. It is Romeos nature to have sudden and extreme feelings because what ever Romeo does it has a emotional side to it. When Romeo and Julliet talk to each other they use a religeous sonnet, Romeo plays they pilgram and Julliet plays the saint. They use words like unworthy and blushing to get over how much Romeo loves her and how soperery Julliet is to him. Romeo and Julliets teenage desires are woven into the sonnet by Romeo wanting to touch her and kiss but Julliet playing hard to get but using religous terms. Romeo and julliet treat each other with respect because they both have fallen in love with one another at first site and they are being like adults and they both want to one another but are just taking there time becuase they want to be together but when they finally get to kiss each other they fell they are in a dream world. When Romeo found out that Julliet was a Capulet he was stunned for a minute and says O dear account my life is my foes debt and Ay, so i fear, the more is unrest. Romeo means that he will not be able to love her because she is a Capulet so he feels depressed. When Julliet finds out that Romeo is a Montague she says my only love sprung from my only hate This is a powerful line because she is saying that the only lover she has ever had is a enemy of the family not her so she cant love him because of her name. The nurse loves Julliet in mothering sort of way because the Nurse has been more like a mother to Julliet than her actual mother and Julliet loves her more than her actual mother to. The Nurse has not got a child of her own because it died at birth so when Julliet was born the Nuse breast feed her so Julliet is like The Nurses baby . The Nurse helps Romeo and Julliet to get married by making the arrangments with the friar and going as a go between for Romeo and Julliet because they cannot be sceen talking together because of there houses. The playright included a comic character in the nurse because there is so much tragedy going on and so much love that you need abit of comedy to stop you crying and by addign in the nurse you often laugh at her sexual jokes and comments. When Julliet refuses to marry Paris her father comes in starts to shout and throw Julliet about. Ther nurse trys to help her by standing in her fathers way ajnd trying to pull him of Julliet but Lord Capluet pushs N urse to the floor. When Julliet asks Nurse what she can do the Nurse says Romeo is bnaished and marry i will. She is saying that Julliet will never see Romeo again because he is banished so she should marry Paris but at this piont in the play Julliet turns against the Nurse because she loves Romeo so much but the Nurse is only trying to what is best for Julliet but Julliet cant see it. When the Nurse finds Julliets body you feel sorry for her because she thinks that Julliet is dead but she isnt and the Nurse has doen so much for Julliet and it has ended so you feel sorry for the Nurse. Friar Laurence agrees to marry Romeo and Julliet because he belives that if the two star crossed lovers where to get married then the ancient grudge between the two familys will stop and then peace could be achived. I think that Friar Laurence had good intentions by marrying Romeo and Julliet but he was misguided abit by Romeo and Julliet because they put him under alot of pressure by doing the wedding so if he was not under the pressure of the two lovers then he might of sceen that there was more at risk. Friar laurence gives gave the two lovers advice on love, he said these violent delights have violent ends. What he is saying here is that for a short period when no one knows they are married they will love it and enjoy it but when people find out what they have done they will not happy and it will be finished. I dont think that the lovers actually know what they where doing by getting married, i think that it was to sudden to fall in love and they where just rushing into it and th ey hwere carried away by there emotions. Romeo and Julliets love is forbidden love, no one can know they are married. The fact that it is forbidden love makes it more fun and intense. The fact that there is a risk of danger in there relationship must make it even more romantique and emotional because there is a dangerous side to it which must give Romeo and Julliet abit of a buzz. Friar laurence others Julliet a kind of strong sleeping potion, He gives her this potion because he tells Julliet thou shalt continue two forty hours, And then awake from a pleasent sleep. Friar Laurence is telling her that whens she takes the potion she will seem to be dead but actually she is just in a heavy sleep and she will awake after a certain time and then he will get Romeo and then they can go away and live happyily. The audience are glad that somebody is still trying to save there love for each other because it seems like there will be no hope but then when the Friar others Julliet this solution you feel abit happyer and think that they might make it after all. Lord Capulet wants Julliet to meet Paris becuase he thinks that Paris will make a excellent husband for his daughter because he is a wealthy successfull business man and Julliet is at the age when she should get married. When Lord Capulet tells Julliet that she is to marry Paris, Julliet says no. This makes Lord Capulet very angry because back in Shakeperes time the father was like the owner of his daughter and he done what he faught was right for her and she didnt get a say in the matter and when Julliet tells him that she doesnt want to marry Paris he feels distraught because he has raised Julliet and she has shown him disrespect. When a modern day audience watchs the play and Lord Capulet says You are mine, i give you to my friend they might not like it because it is a bit sexist and disresoectfull towards women so some people might be against it. A Elizabethan audience would not be suprised when Lord Capulet says You are mine, I give you to my friend because that sort of thing h appens in there time so they think its just common to do so. Julliet does not have a very close relationship with her parents because they wherent really there when she was growing up and have not really treated her with much respect and shown her close parent love but Julliets parents do love her but its a kind of distant love. The Nurse is more a motherly figure for Julliet that her actual parents because the Nurse loves Julliet like her own child and has been there for julliet when she needed help. Shakespere Includes love and sex in his play to make the audience more excited and to try and get the audience more involved with the play. The nurse often makes sexual jokes in a rough and jolly manner because this adds abit of comedy into the play. In act to sceen 5 The Nurse says You know not how to chose a man:Romeo? no, not he, though his face be better than any man, yet his legs excels all mens. The nurse obvious likes Romeo and thinks he is good looking and the audience must think this is quite funny becuase here is this middle aged women and shes talking about men and sex. In the Ben Luhrmann film this potrale of the Nuse is quite funny because the actress who plays here makes the sceen more enjoyable and funny. Mercutio condems love and makes lewd and vulgar remarks about women like in act 2 sceen 4, Mercutio is playing a joke with the nurse and when he is finished and he walks away. When Mercutio is walking away he sings An old hare hoar, And an old hare hoar, Is very good mean in lent; but a hare is hoar is too much for a score when it hoars ere to be spent. I think this a rather bad example of Mercutio hatred towards women because he doesnt actually know the Nurse and he has made some rather bad remarks to her. I think Mercutio is like this because he has had some trouble in the past with women and he has been heart broke a couple of times so his hatred towards woemn might have sprung from this. Romeo and Julliet are never rude or vulgar towards each other they use romantique and loving words to stimulate each others emotions and if they do want to talk about sex or love they use a dramtique aproach and it is quite an effective method. In act 2 sceen 2 Romeo describes julliet as an angel and the sun which are to beutiful things to stimulate beauty and magic. When Julliet says if thy bent of love be honourable thy purpose marriage. I think this a very beutiful moment in the play because it shows that Romeo and Julliet love each other very quickly and how using such romantique words can emulate the effection for one another. The dawn after the wedding when Romeo and Julliet are lying next each other in bed, Romeo says that he must go and Julliet says no but then realises that if he is caught he will be killed so she gets him dressed and and tells him to go. This must of been quite a very emotional moment for Julliet having married Romeo the previous day and now she might not ever see him again. The next time the lovers see each other again is when they both commitee suicide. I think this is the worst moment in the whole film because they didnt get to see talk to each other again. Romeo and Julliet are lying side by side in julliets resting place inside the Capulet tomb. When Romeo enters the tomb paris is in there as well. Paris says This is that banished haughty Montague, That murderd my loves cousin, And here is come to do some villainous shame to the dead bodys. I will apprehend him. Paris thinks that Romeo is there to vandelise Julliets tomb and trys to stop him but he doesnt know that Romeo is Julliet husband and Romeo kills Paris so he can lie side by side with Julliet forever. Paris is not a vistim of the ancient grude because he is not a Capulet or a Montague but he just got caught up in Romeo and Julliets love and got killed trying to brake it up. Romeo talks to his bride (julliet) in a very powerfull way. He uses words like death and fear to get other how badly he feels. Romeo is saying that he is hurt so much he cannot go on any more and then he drinks then poisen and then kisses Julliet one last time and dies. This is the last kiss and proberbly is the most effective because the audience are over come with how much Romeo cared for Julliet and shows what Julliet ment to him. When julliet awakes form her long sleep she sees that Romeo is lying dead next to her. The audience feel upset when Julliet says thy lips are warm because it was only a matter of seconds since Romeo died, Julliet awoke and if she had woke up sooner then they would be happy. Julliet says oh happy dagger because know that Romeo is dead Julliet wants to die to so she can be with him forever so she trys to take the poisen off of Romeos lips but it doesnt work so she picks up Romeos dagger and stabs herself with it. The audience have an image of death at the end of the play because with in a matter of minites three people have died two of them being Romeo and Julliet and this is quite a stong image to see. At the end sceen there are 4 bodies lying in the tomb. At the end of the play we have sceen 5 deaths Romeo and Julliet, Paris, Tybalt and Mercutio. The people who are suffering at the end of the play are Lord and lady Capulet and Lord and Lady Montague because they have lost there children to love and didnt know that they where married so they must feel overwelmed with tragedy. When PrinceEscalus makes his speach nearly everline is harsh to hear, but the hardest of them all must be That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love, and i for winking at your discords too, have lost a brace of kinsmen. All are punished because he is saying that Romeo and Julliets Parents are to blaim for there deaths because of there rivalry they couldnt be together so they had to die. This must be hard on Lord and Lady Capulet and Lord and Lady Montague because hearing that you where responceable for the death of your child is heartbreaking. In the Baz Luhrmann film i think that his final sceen is the best because the actor who plays Prince Escualus de livers the lines with power and they get through to all the charachters. I think the play ends in a hopefull manor because Lord Capulet and Lord Montague shake hands and end the ancient grude which is quite good but still doesnt account for the loss of Romeo and Julliet. I think that Romeo and Julliet lying next to each other and Lord Capulet and Lord Montague shaking hands is enough for the audience because it is the only way that Romeo and Julliet could ever be together and the ancient grudge is broken. I think that love has conquerd hate overall because Romeo and Julliet had to die to brake the ancient grudge and make a better future for the two familys.

Donne and John Donnes poetry Essay Example

Donne and John Donnes poetry Essay Example Donne and John Donnes poetry Paper Donne and John Donnes poetry Paper Essay Topic: Donne Poems Religious or not, everyone at some point in time has wondered to themselves, what happens after we die? What can we do in our current life, to be safe from any dangers after we die? John Donne’s poetry has covered and pored over the themes of humanity, salvation and redemption, and it is made obvious that Margaret Edson’s W;t is nothing without the poems. But what is important to note is how different these two texts explore these main ideas, through the different characters and contexts. Throughout the centuries, the contexts of authors have changed, along with their beliefs on the topics of salvation, redemption and humanity. Since views have changed from religious to more secular opinions on life, the ideas of salvation and redemption may vary as to how each will be obtained, but humanity has stayed much the same. Both Donne and Vivian go through the process of self-reflection and evaluation, forgetting the present misfortunes and attempt to find some form of humanity which wasn’t present in the past. In this lecture, these are the points I will be covering, to show the themes and values that John Donne and Margaret Edson’s play W;t share. Redemption is the act of deliverance from sin and in Christian belief, it was Jesus who God sent as a messenger, and sacrificed himself in order to redeem the human race. But this doesn’t necessarily mean that we are saved. In order to have salvation, one must have faith in God to be saved in their immortal life. Donne achieves salvation through acceptance of Jesus, which was the most common way of being saved in the 17th Century. In modern times, such as the context of W;t, salvation happens more on the level of accepting humanity, and this occurs to Vivian through her relationship with Susie. One thing to notice is that Vivian’s past life lacked the one thing most humans crave, human connection. As Vivian tells us that â€Å"I just couldn’t I went back the library†, we are made aware that she finds her intellect more important than her social life. Donne on the other hand, did have such human connections, and strong ones with his wife. Constantly reminding his wife that they are â€Å"As stiff twin compasses are two;† meaning their love is like the feet of a compass, Donne possesses a strong connection with his wife. An idea that both texts share which is the main focus of both individuals, is death. In Donne’s Holy Sonnet X, he names Death with a capital D, personifying it as his equal, and chastises its existence, making it seem powerless. By saying â€Å"Thou’art slave to fate, chance † he is implying that death is a natural and random occurrence, and doesn’t have any control over when a death happens. He also goes to depict how death is only a short sleep before we enter eternal life, saying â€Å"Death be not proud†. In W;t, Vivian is almost too shocked to process what is going on around her when the news comes out of her doctor’s mouth. This may be because contextual changes have made death have a less immediate presence since there were more public executions and placing multiple bodies in the same grave, so for Donne, death wasn’t as much of a big deal. But for an individual in a post-modern society, the thoughts of death come as a shock, and this is what causes Vivian to reflect back on her life. â€Å"I thought being extremely smart would take care of it. † She finally realises that life isn’t all about being immensely intellectual, but to live a good life, which Donne acknowledges is the key in order to enter the kingdom of heaven; therefore there is some reflection on life, in the same manner as Edson. Although John Donne and Vivian both seek salvation, it is important to note that they have different views on how they want to go about in order to attain salvation. John Donne asks God to drown â€Å"my sins’ black memory. † In his tears, which shows that along with the norm of the 17th Century’s society, he believed that the only way to receive salvation was to accept that he has sinned and has faith in God. In Holy Sonnet VI, he says that â€Å"This is my pilgrimage’s last mile;† and this tells readers that he sees being a Catholic as the only way to save himself, by going on a pilgrimage.

Micro12isa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Micro12isa - Essay Example This shows the boom period in which the minimum wage is increased because of which restaurants owners have to pay more to their waiters as well as it increases the cost of meals and would result in increase in unemployment. The demand and supply curve in the above graph show the impact of the taxes imposed by government on price and quantity demanded. In the above graph the Pe and Qe are the equilibrium price and quantity demanded respectively. Suppose the government imposed tax on any good and the amount of this tax is shared by both producers and the consumers as well. Supply curve shifts from S to S1 because of this tax as the producer desires to sell the good at higher prices in order to decrease the tax’s effect on him and this result in the increase in the price of the good from â€Å"Pe† to â€Å"Pt† as well as decrease in the quantity demanded â€Å"Qe† to â€Å"Qt.† Therefore from the graph we can conclude that if government imposes on any good it would result in decrease in the producer’s revenue, raises prices for consumers, and decreases the quantity of the good available in the market. Now let suppose the government put a tax on this product and also the demand curve is perfectly elastic then the supply curve shifts leftward that is the producer will decrease the supply of product because of which the producer’s surplus decreases and he will have to pay the tax. This we can in the graph given below. Apparently the producers seem to have little costs due to the drug being illegal so the trading does not include any taxation. However the usual cost includes cost of production, transportation, legal actions that may be taken at any step by law enforcing agencies in case of being caught. In case the contrabands are made legal, governments will impose taxation and duties on their trading due to their harmful effects. Such duties will decline the producer surplus and the part of their

Cap task#3c Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Cap task#3c - Term Paper Example It is therefore very important for the hospital management to consider introduction of an image segmentation facility to help with early warning of breast cancer, because this is literary the key to improve breast cancer diagnosis in the hospital. Image segmentation use contours or the region they are position on to find the features of an image. One of the most common screening methods used by radiologists in analysis of the mammograms is X-ray mammography. This technique is very importance in detection of the presence or absence of lesions from the mammograms (Stems, 1996). It is, however, becomes extremely difficult to detect breast cancer during its early stages because its presence is especially restrained and unsteady. As such, if only experiences are diagnosed, radiologists and doctors can easily fail to detect the presence of abnormality. Having said that, the doctors and radiologists can rely on computer aided screening technology to get a more effective and reliable diagnosis (Sheng, Hong and Enmin, 2011). The aim of having such a computer aided imaging technique is to ensure an accurate segmentation of medical images. This process involves use of different criteria to segment different areas of an image (Chang and Teng, 2007). Use of mammography images in breast cancer image segmentation is a tasking procedure tho ugh its accuracy is essential for screening of tumors as well as classification of tissue for early discovery of breast abnormalities. Although it is not perfect, mammography imaging is recommended for this project because of it is essentially the most efficient imaging method (Guido and Nico, 1999). For women without symptoms, Mammography imaging is believed to detect between 80% and 90% of the breast cancer. A precise image segmentation of the mammography images is very crucial for a computer aided equipment to perform accurate diagnosis. The type of the equipment used is one of

Computer Technology In The Movie Industry Film Studies Essay

Computer Technology In The Movie Industry Film Studies Essay Filmmaking is a process of producing a film based on a storyline. Although many people say, a movie is good if it has a successful plot, however, a movie needs also good production in order to be classified as a good movie. The history of filmmaking can be traced back to as early as the 17th century, where magic lanterns were used. Back then, films were all made in shades of black and white only. Also, many of the times, special effects are done manually by workers. For example, an explosion, many workers will be needed to install those explosives and to clear up the scene. As time progressed, technology improved the quality of films largely, thus producing colored films. However, such improvements do not halt there. Movie makers and producers worked endlessly to create films that leave people in awe. Therefore, the creations of computer-generated imagery, animation and 3D have been invented and improved. Such creations have moved the movie industry one step forward. Using the same explosion example, compared to last time, with advance computer technologies, such a scene will not require a whole lot of work from the workers. Instead, it can be easily done in the editing room, where editors can easily ad d special effects into the movie, making it look realistic, but without much hard work. The main objective of this paper is to educate people about the movie making industry. Many people may be awed when they see sophisticated scenes in movies. However, they only know that those scenes are mostly done with the help of computers. But in reality, there are so many computer technology that the people do not know about. In the discussion in this paper, research will explain the computer technologies used in the movie industry. Computer-generated imagery, animation and 3D will be explained as brief introduction to technologies in the development of movie making. Also, the making of the movie sensation, Avatar will also be revealed. As videos are getting more attention amongst people nowadays, many people now search ways to create their own videos. Therefore, to make this paper more users friendly, an introduction of animation software, Pencil and moviemaking software, Windows Movie Maker will also be done. COMPUTER-GENERATED IMAGERY (CGI) Computer-generated imagery means computer graphics being applied into movie industry to create special effects. Compared to other physical means, CGI is a cheaper alternative because it uses computer software to create images instead of constructing real and physical settings. The first ever movie that used computer-generated imagery was Westworld in year 1973. It was a science fiction that incorporate both robots and humans. Also, famous movies like Star Wars and Star Trek II were also able to produce effects like laser guns and robot motion. In the Terminator, computer-generated imagery created digital scenes in the robot. CGI, especially in two dimensions was greatly used in traditional animated films as it replaced the role of manually illustrated cells. Since then, it became a significant technology used to create special effects in the movie industry. This then promoted and encouraged the great usage of animation and three dimensions (3D). Usually, CGI for films are about 1.4 to 6 megapixels, where one frame is generally around 2 to 3 hours long which can multiple to ten times for more complex scenes. Computer-generated imagery was also used in created the film Star Wars. ANIMATION Animation is a series of images in the form of two dimensional or three dimensional art work that are display rapidly to produce an illusion of movement. The earliest animation said to be found is the Paleolithic cave paintings. In these paintings, objects are drawn in superimposed positions that clearly try to convey the idea of motion. However, in year 1906, J. Stuart Blackton, a newspaper cartoonist, released the first ever fully animated film, Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. The Paleolithic cave painting shows movement in an animation way. There are many types of animations that can be used in making a movie. The traditional animation, which is also known as cell animation or hand drawn animation, was broadly used in the 20th century. This involves many individual frames first drawn on papers that differ a little from the previous. These frames are then photocopied onto transparent sheets called cells, which can be photographed by a rostrum camera to produce motion. Classic Disney animated films like Snow White and Aladdin are produced using this technique. Traditional animation is manual and is drawn in multiple frames. As computer generated imagery (CGI) is used increasingly, animation can be done by using computers. The first entirely computer-generated animated film is Toy Story, in year 1995. Computer animation simply means creating moving objects by using programs or software designed for computers. Consequently, this has caused the invention of two dimensional (2D) animations. Figures are created and edited using two dimensional bitmap graphics or two dimensional vector graphics. However, trained professionals are required to produce animations like this as it involves techniques and skills. Toy Story, the first fully computer-generated animated film. THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) Three dimension computer graphics are graphics which use three dimensional representation data geometrically. These graphics will then be stored to calculate and render two dimensional images. These graphics often use many algorithms to generate images. A typical two dimensional image would only show height and width. However, a three dimensional image could show height, width and even depth. This gives the idea of realistic instead of virtual. Animation can also be done in three dimension. An animator can use the digital skeletal structure to control the mesh. Besides that, mathematical functions can also be used to created three dimensional animation. 3D, or stereoscopic 3D uses the illusion of the depth perception to create realistic images. It can be produced using few methods. In an anaglyph, two images are located at a superimposed position with a light filtering two colors, red and cyan. By wearing the 3D glasses, the two images are cancelled out to produce only one image. That is the earlier 3D images used in movie making. An anaglyph image. A pair of anaglyph 3D glasses. In the polarization systems, similarly, two images are located at a superimposed position through different polarizing filters. By wearing a pair of glasses that contain polarizing filters, each filter can only pass through similar polarized light but blocks different polarized lights, causing each eyes to see different images. A polarized 3D image. Polarized 3D glasses. HOW WAS AVATAR MADE? The Avatar has successfully created a sensation amongst movie lovers with its breathtaking three dimension technology. James Cameron, the director of the movie incorporated the technology as well as real human footages into the movie. Computer-generated imagery was used extensively in the movie. He used a technique called the image-based facial performance capture, which required actors and actresses to put on special headgears called skull caps that were equipped with cameras. As the recording went on, facial expressions and movies were transmitted from the camera to the virtual characters. The movements caught on tape would be six times bigger, which created authenticity in the characters. By using such technology, the facial expressions of the characters can be made to change according to how the dialog was told. The motion capture technique that animated the expressions of the actor and actresses. To do that, a new software called the facial action coding system was created. This software can trace the visualization of facial and muscle movements of the actors and actresses, which can then be animated to created computer-generated images. The incorporation of computer-generated images into live action footages. 3D was also made easier by motion capture because it allowed film-makers to add special effects as well as direct the angle of camera in . The formats used were Real D 3D, Dolby 3D, Xpan 3D and IMAX 3D. With the help of a pair of polarized 3D glasses, the movie created another sensation to be viewers. Weta Digital was the visual effects company that worked for the movie. They used Linux-based software to created graphics that made the settings in the movie looked to realistic. The company used one of the worlds largest Linux clusters as the operating system, which produced computer-generated images using 64-bit for 3D modelling. The filming camera that gives the 3D effects. WINDOWS MOVIE MAKER Windows Movie Maker is a software that allows user to create and edit videos, thus creating homemade videos. The first ever version of Windows Movie Maker was available for Windows Me back in year 2000, which then followed by Windows XP in year 2001. Its development was then improved. Its so called replacement was then named Windows Live Movie Maker, which is included with the Windows Live Essentials. The new movie maker does not share the same features with the older version. However, the 2.6 version is compatible for both Windows Vista as well as Windows 7. Furthermore, this version is strongly recommended by many video editors as it is user friendly and easy to use but at the same time, produces high quality movies and videos. Windows Movie Maker has features like effects, titles or credits, timeline narration and auto movie. New effects can also be modified using the existing ones by using XML code, thus allowing users to create one of its kind videos. Besides that, an audio track editing is also available. Basic effects like fading in or fading out can be added. And then, the tracks can be saved in a sound file instead of a video file. In the window, there is a storyboard that previews the timeline for video and audio. Video or images can be imported into the timeline. When doing so, user can choose either to capture video directly from webcam or import from collections of existing videos. Videos and audios that are in .WMV/.ASF,  .MPG (MPEG-1),  .AVI (DV-AVI),  .WMA,  .WAV, and  .MP3 formats are accepted. However, other formats like MP4/3GP, FLV and MOV, MIDI, AIFF, AAC and SWF are not accepted. A window showing the first page of the program. A window showing the storyboard. Video clips or images can be dragged into these boxes to create a continuous movie. Editing videos and movies in Windows Movie Maker is a very rewarding process as it allows user to create and design the videos and movies in any way they want. The auto movie feature in the program contains premade editing styles which help users to create movies in a very quick period. However, if users choose to edit themselves, a total of 60 transitions, 37 effects, 34 titles and 9 credit animations are available in the 2.x version. The effects and transitions that users can choose to use in order to increase the attractiveness of the movies. There are also other features like adding titles or credits into the movie. All these features can be found easily on the menu pane on the left of the window. Audio and sound effects can also be added into the movie easily through options on the menu pane. At the end, when the movie is all done editing, it is supposed to be saved. Then, it can be viewed from the computer. Besides that, the movie can also be uploaded into pocket pc like smart phones or PDA phones. It can also be uploaded back into a camera and DV recorder if the format is supported. The movie can also be sent to a website for the view of the public. PENCIL Pencil is a software for animation and drawing, which is supported by Mac, Windows and Linux operating system. It utilizes one of the most common animation method, the traditional animation which is done by drawing or sketching with a pencil. This program is great for amateur users because it is easy to use and user friendly. A screenshot of Pencil. This free drawing program is not equipped with many advance tools, but with simple toolbox that contain pencil, brush, eraser, and coloring tool. Although it seems to be simple, sophisticated 2D animation can be produced by just using these few tools. The toolbox that contains the tools for drawing. There is a timeline feature, where users are able to add layers. By saying layer, it simply means vector layer, audio layer as well as video layer. Besides that, it also allow users to use onion skinning, which enables users to check the previous and next frames to trace the animation. The default frame per second is set at 12, but this setting can be changed up to 50 FPS. The timeline feature that enables users to create different layers altogether. Besides drawing the animation in the program, sketches can be drawn on real paper and then imported into the program. To do so, the sketches can first be saved in the computer, and then imported onto the canvas, which then can be edited directly in the program itself. The camera layer enables users to create different frames through the usage of a camera. Audio can also be added into the animation, making it more interesting. As sounds and voices are essentials to animation, it can easily added into the animation by exporting music files from the computer. To do so, a sound layer is first created. The music files can be imported. The format that is supported is only WAV format on Windows OS. However, Mac users can import any formats that is readable by Quicktime. When the music file is imported, a triangular key appears, indicating where the music starts to play. A sound layer will not play if it is deactivated, which can be easily controlled by pressing the sound button in the timeline control. The feature that allows adding of sound layer. CONCLUSION It is undeniable that computer technology plays an important role in producing a good movie. We can see that as time progresses, computer technology also improves greatly. However, this does not mean that continuous research on this subject matter should stop here. In fact, such an achievement in this field simply means that producers and movie makers in the market should continue in creating breakthroughs in the industry. This is especially true because people will not be contented with what is in the market now if there is nothing new that appeals to them. The demand for more and better is always increasing. Therefore, it is pivotal to continue achieving for more. As for home users and non-professional users, there is actually much other software that allows them to create their own home videos. The market now realizes that the public can also be very good in creating home videos. Therefore, there is an increasing amount of movie making and animation software for the use of the public. Much of this software actually varies in difficulty as well as quality of products. However, it is confirmed that it allows users to create according to their creativity and that is what makes the videos one of its own. If users are having problem, they can easily obtain help from tutorials and forums that are available from the omnipotent Internet. Based on the research done on this paper, hopefully doubts and questions of many can be clarified. It is very crucial to educate people about the subject matter as it has blended into our lives and has become a part so close to us. There are some movies I can watch over and over, never get sick of. Ill put one of those on and be puttering around the house. Then a certain scene will come on and Ill just have to go over and watch. David Fincher

Linguistic culture

When I finished read Laura Bohannan’s essay â€Å"Shakespeare in the Bush† I felt that I was smiling. Can you beat it: Elizabeth Bowen-Smith (who will became Laura Bohannan later), intelligent student of Oxford university, sits on the calabash, drinks beer and explain the story of Hamlet to group of tribesmen. Some of them are a very experienced, old person who knows things. It seems that Laura met very interesting company: they are bilingual (but their English is much worse than their native Tiv language (Tiv-Batu sub-group of the Bantoid branch of the Benue-Congo subdivision of Niger-Congo)), they know only own culture and believe that people in all world are the same. This concept of â€Å"universal understanding† brought her audience to idea that this young European girl (because all whites should be Europeans) do not remember this history exactly. She made a lot of mistakes and some details of Hamlet history were so strange for Tiv traditions that they were even fain to acknowledge that Europe is really another world. Bohannan told about Hamlet in very simple words and Tiv understood Hamlet plot, but very generally. Different cultural backgrounds not only make the Tiv and Bohannan have very different interpretations of Hamlet status (â€Å"son of chief†) or the general ideas of life and death. But the Tiv people interpreted several specific aspects of the story much differently than the modern Western culture. Almost from the beginning of Bohannan’s tale, tribe members interrupted to question and disagree with her about most of the key elements in the story. There was the appearance of Hamlet’s father’s ghost, Claudius’ marriage to Gertrude, the fact that Hamlet couldn’t marry Ophelia, Hamlet’s madness, Polonius’ death, Ophelia’s drowning death and the poison for after the final duel. The ghost of Hamlet’s father appeared in the castle to inform Hamlet of the truth about his death. The most of modern people could easily explain what is a ghost. The Tiv thought otherwise. The tribesmen scoffed at the notion that Hamlet's father is a ghost because they don't believe that any individual part of human personality survives after death. Tiv culture believes in witches and witchcraft, and then Hamlet’s father image must have been a zombie sent by witches as an omen. I like this passage from Bohannan’s essay: â€Å"The old men muttered: such omens were matters for chiefs and elders, not for youngsters; no good could come of going behind a chief's back; clearly Horatio was not a man who knew things† (Bohannan). It seems that witches and their magic power were reality for Tiv people. You know that their religious beliefs were centered around the concept of akombo, defined as magical forces and their emblems. Between concepts of â€Å"ghost† and â€Å"akombo† we have intercultural gap. These words cannot be translated to other language without loosing some sense. Any translation is approximation only. For full understanding people should be members of certain society. Let’s go on. In the story of Hamlet, Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius, marries Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. This marriage was only two months after Claudius’ brother, the King, was killed. The modern Western culture feels that this marriage was incestuous. It also took place too soon after the death of her husband. The Tiv, however, found no problem with it. It was a custom for the natives for the brother of a deceased man to marry his wife. This way, the fields could be taken care of and the farms could be managed. Another detail: one of the younger Tiv men asked Laura who had married the other wives of the â€Å"dead chief† (King). When she told that the King had only one wife they were surprised. â€Å"But a chief must have many wives! How else can he brew beer and prepare food for all his guests?† (Bohannan). Laura explanation about European tradition to have only one wife and to use servants for homework (and especially mentioning taxes) makes Tiv men to adduce an argument: â€Å"It was better for a chief to have many wives and sons who would help him hoe his farms and feed his people; then everyone loved the chief who gave much and took nothing† (Bohannan). As you remember, in the Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet could not marry his true love, Ophelia, because he was royalty and she a commoner. The Tiv disagreed with this also. They felt that the marriage should be permitted because since Hamlet was royalty, then he could shower Ophelia’s father, Polonius, with gifts and money. This seemed to be very rational to the Tiv, although it seems to be an odd to the modern Western culture. Since Hamlet was not permitted to marry Ophelia, he went mad. In the western tradition the positive imaging of love madness appeared probably in troubadours’ songs, probably in more ancient times. But for African tribe it was impossible to attribute madness to unhappy love affair. The Tiv felt that Hamlet’s madness was attributed to more serious cause – to witchcraft. They said her that â€Å"only witchcraft can make anyone mad, unless, of course, one sees the beings that lurk in the forest† (Bohannan). Laura did the best to explain relations between Hamlet, his uncle and his mother. These episodes of the play were absolutely unclear for Tiv people. They had several arguments for their position. Hamlet scolded his mother for her sin but man should never scold his mother. Hamlet wanted to kill Claudius who killed his father but nobody can kill or attempt to kill his elders (in Tiv traditions). Tiv men said Hamlet should have contacted his father’s friends to avenge the murder of King but do not try and avenge the murder himself. I found no Tiv reactions (and no explanation by Laura) to the moment when Hamlet went to kill Claudius but found him praying. He did not kill him because he believed that killing Claudius while in prayer would send Claudius’s soul to heaven. We know that Tiv do not believe in the beyond. So this motive should not be clear for them. Laura missed this episode. May be she felt that she had no chances to explain this for her audience? She also did not tell about Hamlet’s words about Polonius’ murder â€Å"Heaven hath pleased it so / To punish me with this, and this with me† (Hamlet, III.iv.157–158) and about Polonius’ body â€Å"The body is with the king, but the king is not with the body† (Hamlet IV.ii.25–26). When Hamlet killed Polonius, Ophelia’s father, she was so distraught after hearing about this that she committed suicide by drowning herself. The Tiv were strongly opposed to this. They felt that only witches could make someone drown because water alone cannot hurt someone. â€Å"It is merely something one drinks and bathes in† (Bohannan). They understood that Ophelia’s brother, Laertes, killed her to sell her to the witches because he ran out of money. Also, at Ophelia’s funeral, Laertes jumped into her grave to say his last goodbye. Hamlet then jumped into the grave to say his last goodbye, also. The Tiv thought that Laertes was trying to steal the body so he could sell it to the witches. Since Hamlet jumped in, then he saved Ophelia’s body from being sold. They felt that Laertes wanted to kill Hamlet because he prevented him from selling Ophelia’s body. And I like Tiv explanation very much: â€Å"Hamlet prevented him, because the chief's heir, like a chief, does not wish any other man to grow rich and powerful.† (Bohannan) About understanding the duel between Hamlet and Laertes. King Claudius gave Laertes a poisoned rapier (probably Laura translated it as â€Å"machete†) so that Hamlet would die even if he was just scratched by the sword. Laertes has his sword poisoned in an effort to do Hamlet in once and for all. Claudius wanted Hamlet dead because he knew the truth about his father’s death. Just in case Hamlet survived the battle, a glass of poisoned wine was waiting for the victor. The wine unfortunately fell into the wrong hands, and Hamlet’s mother drank it and died. The modern Western culture believes that the wine was intended for Hamlet in case he survived the duel. The Tiv believe otherwise. They felt that the wine was intended for the victor of the match, either Hamlet or Laertes. They thought that it would be used to kill Hamlet because he knew true about the murder of his father, or it would be used to kill Laertes so no one would know about the conspiracy between him and Claudius to kill Hamlet. I think that the main point of Bohannan’s essay was to illustrate that different cultures interpret things differently. What we accept is influenced by our own cultural and linguistic values. Both interpretations of Hamlet are correct according to the cultural values of the two different cultures. (May be Tiv opinion is more correct because they proposed for Laura to tell them some more stories of her country. They said â€Å"We, who are elders, will instruct you in their true meaning, so that when you return to your own land your elders will see that you have not been sitting in the bush, but among those who know things and who have taught you wisdom.† (Bohannan)) It seems that the author intentions is not a matter. If our interpretation is different than that of the author, but the story still influenced our life, then that is all that matters. Word is just symbol and everyone can understand it how he can. But if you want to communicate with other people you should learn their culture and to speak their language. References: Bohannan, Laura (1971), from Conformity and Conflict: Readings in Cultural Anthropology, eds. James P. Spradley and David W. McCurdy Boston: Little Brown and Company. Ethnographic Atlas of the Center of Social Anthropology and Computing. University of Kent at Canterbury William Shakespeare. Hamlet The Oxford Shakespeare.1914